The relationship between Intimate Partner Violence and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes among married women in South Africa.

Abstract

Intimate Partner Violence has been a growing public health concern for women in South Africa.1 in 5 women in South Africa are likely to be murdered by an Intimate Partner. Married and pregnant women are particularly vulnerable. An experience of violence poses risks for both mother and child. The current investigation aimed to determine the prevalence of APOs in South Africa among married women, and the socio demographic factors associated with APOs. A cross-sectional study of the nationally representative South African Demographic Health Survey (SADHS 2016) was used. A weighted sample of 4,059 female respondents. IPV is measured as physical and/ or sexually abused. IPV ever experienced during the course of the marriage and while pregnant is measured. Descriptive and inferential statistics are used to estimate the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Women aged 25-34 had the highest prevalence of APOs at 37.2%, while women aged 15-24 had the lowest prevalence at 9.6%. Women aged 35-44 were 2.9 times more likely to experience an APO than those aged 15-24 years (AOR: 2.91; CI 1.88-4.51). Additionally, women aged 45-49 were 2.5 times more likely to experience an APO compared to those aged 15-24 years (AOR: 2.56; p=0.000; CI95% 1.60-4.12). Experience of violence during pregnancy in South Africa is linked to several socio-demographic factors. It is important to protect women’s rights by recognizing the risk that IPV poses to the health system and women’s health and safety. The reduction of APOs protects the lives of mothers and their unborn child, allowing them to thrive in their environment. Keywords: Intimate Partner Violence, South Africa, Married women, Maternal health, child health, SADHS 2016.