Solar installation as a solution to sustained load shedding in Gauteng, South Africa

Abstract

Background: Due to the lack of generating capacity and the unreliability of Eskom's power stations, South Africa has been experiencing persistent power cuts, with load shedding introduced to manage electricity demand. This situation has prompted households and businesses to seek alternative power sources. This study explores solar installation in households and small businesses. It investigates the factors impeding the uptake of solar systems, evaluates the feasibility of implementing solar PV systems, and provides recommendations and strategic support to enhance the adoption of solar technology. Methods: A qualitative approach was employed, involving 18 participants selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews with individuals residing across various regions of Gauteng. An inductive thematic analysis was utilized to analyse the data. Findings: The findings indicate that both household and small business owners share similar concerns regarding the factors impeding solar PV installation. These include the high costs associated with purchasing and installing solar hardware, doubts about the reliability of solar power during extended cloudy or rainy periods, and limited knowledge of how solar systems function. Regarding the feasibility of solar PV systems, many participants noted that the high costs of hardware and installation render this option impractical. They believe this would only become viable if the government provided financial incentives to lower these costs. Small business owners also unanimously agreed that installing a PV system would only be practical with financial support. These findings lead to recommendations for strategic support to increase solar adoption among small businesses and households, highlighting three key conditions. These are government incentives, education on solar PV systems, and the promotion of grid-tied solar PV systems. Conclusion: The study highlights key barriers to solar PV adoption among households and small businesses, including high costs, concerns over reliability during low sunlight iii periods, and limited knowledge about solar systems. Both household and small business owners agreed that solar PV systems would only be feasible with government incentives to reduce costs. The findings suggest that solar adoption can be advanced through policy interventions focused on providing financial support. The public must be educated about solar technology and grid-tied systems as a practical solution. Such measures would make solar energy more accessible, supporting broader energy security and sustainability goals.