Wits Business School (ETDs)
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Item Employee adoption of mental health interventions by employees in the South African workplace(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2025) Sibanda, Musawenkosi FaithThe subject of mental health is currently trending in the global community as mental health conditions (MHCs), including stress, anxiety, insomnia, depression, and burnout, are a major cause of concern due to their negative impact on individuals or employees. These conditions can cause related physical health issues, including chronic illnesses like high blood pressure (hypertension) and common musculoskeletal issues, including neck or back pain. Affected employees may experience poor performance and low productivity, which can impact business profitability. Considering that people are a company’s best asset, organisations worldwide are placing more focus on employee well-being by providing interventions to improve employee engagement and productivity in the interests of the individual and to achieve their business goals. Mental health awareness (MHA) programmes have been implemented and widely publicised through government initiatives, while mental health promotion (MHP) is also conducted internally within organisations. Based on this study's results, most modern-day employees are informed on mental health, and the job demands-resources (JD-R) model indicates that they can be equipped with resources to overcome stressors through several interventions. This research aims to determine the mental health interventions (MHIs) that employees use to manage MHCs at a personal level in order to inform policymakers or HR practitioners of the acceptable and effective mechanisms for improving overall employee well-being. Interviews were carried out on a sample of eighteen participants drawn from the financial services industry in South Africa. Thematic analysis was used to review and interpret the data, leading to a conclusion and recommendations regarding the adoption of MHIs. The research results indicate that prayer or spirituality and exercise were the most utilised interventions, while the emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming mental health through futuristic technology like chatbots and digital gaming.Item The influence of South African electrical transmission operational management on the safety culture in the era of loadshedding(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2025) Senosi, Patricia; Konar, LenThis study investigates the safety culture within Eskom's Transmission division, focusing on the impact of operational management practices during load shedding periods. Despite the implementation of a SHEQ policy advocating "Zero Harm," Eskom continues to report safety incidents, injuries, and fatalities, revealing a critical misalignment between policy intent and practical execution. The research addresses key gaps in the literature, including the lack of empirical studies on safety culture during operational disruptions like load shedding, inconsistencies in safety perceptions between hierarchical levels, and the underexplored efficacy of training programs under crisis conditions. Employing a quantitative survey-based methodology, structured questionnaires were administered to 156 employees and 37 management personnel to assess safety protocol adherence, communication effectiveness, leadership involvement, and training efficacy. Descriptive statistics and hypothesis testing (chi-square, t-tests) revealed significant disparities: while 85% of employees and 90% of management reported awareness of safety protocols, only 70% demonstrated consistent adherence during load shedding. Communication was rated as effective by 70% of employees and 75% of management, yet 30% of employees identified inefficiencies. Leadership engagement was perceived as strong by 65% of employees, but 35% reported limited involvement. Training programs were deemed ineffective by 40% of employees, highlighting a need for tailored interventions. The study's findings underscore the fragmented nature of Eskom's safety culture under load shedding pressures, with notable gaps in policy-practice alignment, communication, leadership visibility, and training relevance. Key recommendations include conducting regular safety audits, developing crisis-specific protocols, implementing multi-channel communication strategies, enhancing leadership accountability and revitalising training programs with scenario-based drills. These measures aim to bridge the identified gaps and foster a resilient safety culture. The research contributes to the broader discourse on operational safety by providing empirical evidence of the challenges posed by load shedding and proposing actionable solutions. Future studies should adopt mixed methods approaches to explore qualitative insights and validate interventions across Eskom's divisions. This study not only advances academic understanding but also offers practical strategies for improving safety culture in high-risk environments.Item Assessing the adoption of green hydrogen in South Africa(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2024) Ramballie, CherylSouth Africa is grappling with an energy crisis due to the depletion of fossil fuels deteriorating infrastructure and governmental challenges; aggravated by the increasing electricity demand and inadequate capacity to meet supply requirements. Green hydrogen can potentially assist with the alleviation of the energy crisis. This study assessed the potential for South Africa to manufacture and utilise green hydrogen as an alternative energy source focusing on the opportunities and the challenges. Data was collected through interviews with subject matter experts using thematic analysis. The study provided key insights on the adoption of green hydrogen in South Africa with government playing a pivotal role in unlocking the adoption of hydrogen in South Africa. The findings also indicated that South Africa has abundant land availability and renewable energy resources to produce green hydrogen. However, there are significant challenges with regards to technology, infrastructure, and legislative structures that limit the manufacture of green hydrogen. The study repeatedly addressed the capital and production costs of green hydrogen.Item The impact of emerging technologies to improve IT service delivery in a South African bank(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2025) Phasha, Mosima NaphtalineThe financial services sector is advancing rapidly in terms of innovation and technology. The study sought to explore the impact of emerging technologies on improving information technology service delivery in a South African bank. A quantitative study was undertaken through the distribution of an online survey research instrument. The targeted population for the study is the employees of one South African bank. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The study found top management support impacted the behavioural intention of using emerging technologies, and the behavioural intention to use emerging technologies had a positive impact on information technology service delivery. System quality, information quality, and regulatory support had no positive impact. The study was limited to one South African bank, meaning that the findings may not be generalisable to all banks operating within Africa. This suggests that researchers, banks and policymakers must be more creative in integrating and utilising new technology to improve operational efficiency and service delivery.Item Nexus Between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Initiatives and the Financial Performance of Companies in the South African Mining Sector(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2025) Nzimande, NkululekoThe nexus between Corporate Social Responsibility (“CSR”) and corporate financial performance (“FP”) of companies remains a subject of extensive academic enquiry. Critics argue that CSR is a burdensome initiative, while others view it as a strategic investment, with long-term economic, environmental and social benefits. The research assessed whether mining companies engaging in CSR initiatives experience enhanced FP and if these companies integrate CSR strategies into their overarching corporate strategic objectives. Employing a quantitative methodology, the study analysed secondary data between 2014 and 2023 from 19 Johannesburg Stock Exchange (“JSE”)-listed mining companies. CSR performance was measured using a self-developed scorecard, while FP was measured through a total of four accounting and market-based performance metrics. Research findings found a positive correlation between social CSR (“CSRS”) initiatives and all four FP metrics. Environmental CSR (“CSRE”) initiatives also correlate positively with these metrics, except for Return on Assets (“ROA”). Furthermore, the research found that 95% of the sampled companies incorporate CSR strategy into their broader corporate strategic objectives. CSRS initiatives were found to improve employee and community relations, leading to increased productivity and operational stability, which in turn enhances FP. The observed negative correlation between CSRE and ROA is attributable to the substantial upfront capital investments required for such initiatives and the delayed realisation of improved asset efficiency benefits. However, CSRE positively influences market-based FP metrics by reducing environmental compliance risk, improving business continuity and bolstering investor confidence. 3 The study concludes that CSR is a value-accretive strategy for JSE-listed mining companies, with the potential to generate long-term economic value and enduring competitiveness. To fully realise these benefits, it is imperative that CSR strategy is embedded into the broader corporate strategic objectives and forms part of the core business ethos.Item A Qualitative Study Exploring Digital Transformation in the South African Public Health System(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2025) Ntsimane, Mathapelo; Sony, MichaelINTRODUCTION: Digital transformation is the new era that ushers in the use of digital technologies to disrupt the traditional way of completing tasks in personal and workplace environments. This transformative process has affected every industry, with healthcare not being an exception. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of healthcare professionals towards digital transformation to determine the following: the extent of digital transformation within one healthcare institution, as well as the benefits and barriers to the adoption of digital transformation. METHOD: The study design was semi-structured interviews with healthcare professionals from one tertiary hospital in Gauteng. The study adopted a qualitative methodology. The data was analysed using thematic analysis and the theme codes were generated manually. RESULTS: A total of 16 interviews were conducted and the standout points were that all the participants believed that digital transformation would benefit and help improve processes and operations within the institution. While digital transformation is believed to be beneficial, there is the problem of poor buy-in from the healthcare professionals as they are of the opinion that there are far more pertinent issues that need to be addressed before the focus can be on digitally transforming the public healthcare system. CONCLUSION: The study was able to determine the extent of digital transformation in that currently there is work being done to interconnect public health institutions within Gauteng to reduce duplication and gear towards continuation of care. The main barriers identified towards successful digital transformation was the lack of financial resources, lack of proper network infrastructure and lack of adequate staff training – issues which, if properly addressed, could ensure that the pathway to transformation is easier.Item Factors contributing to the absence of women in senior management roles in the South African Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) industry(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2025) Ntamane, Thipaihlo PortiaThe fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry is essential in the local and global economy because, it contributes significantly to country's GDP. It creates significant job opportunities and drives consumer spending through its high demand for everyday products such as food, toiletries, beverages and cleaning supplies. This makes it a key player in the distribution and retail sectors. This research project is about the factors that contributes to the absence of women in senior management roles in the South African FMCG industry. Purposive sampling and a qualitative research approach were used in this investigation. Sixteen females from the FMCG industry were interviewed through MS teams, telephonically and in person. These are women who holds different positions in the FMCG industry for the benefit of getting different views as to why women's representation in top management roles within the FMCG industry is inadequate. The research focused on four categories which are gender disparity, organisational culture, self-perception theory and career planning advancement. During the analysis of the results, it was discovered that indeed there is less consideration for women when appointing for senior management roles in the FMCG industry. Glass ceiling theory was considered however the focus remained with the four categories that exist to a great extend in the FMCG industry. Women would like to occupy the senior roles however, due to lack of proper governance and research studies to identify the root cause, give guidance and solution to the problem this issue persist. This research has action plans for both the employers and employees to implement to eradicate this imbalance in the workplace.Item Understanding the impact that mobile digital streaming has on overall television consumption amongst Gen Z and Millennials living in Gauteng(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2025) Nokwindla, Phumeza; Oro, OroThis study embarked on a comprehensive exploration of consumer behaviour within the dynamic landscape of the media industry, with a particular focus on television and mobile devices. It delves into the distinct viewing habits of two influential demographics: Generation Z and Millennials. The objective is to unravel how the accelerated rise of mobile technology has reshaped TV consumption patterns across these generations. By employing a quantitative research design, the study examines prevailing market trends within the media sphere. It seeks to dissect the unique consumer behaviours exhibited by both generations while also projecting potential future trajectories in media consumption. The findings illuminate a compelling shift, revealing that Generation Z is increasingly favouring mobile devices over traditional television. This trend is predominantly driven by their preference for streaming content, which aligns seamlessly with their fast-paced and on-the-go lifestyles. Moreover, the research highlights the critical significance of a multi-device experience, showcasing how seamlessly integrated media consumption across platforms has become essential. It emphasizes the necessity of understanding and leveraging the diffusion of innovation theory, offering insights that can foster more effective business strategies in this rapidly evolving environment. This study not only sheds light on current consumer trends but also presents a framework for anticipating the future of media consumption in an increasingly digital world.Item Exploring the di/erent financing models for Universal Health Coverage in di/erent countries: Lessons for South Africa(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2025) Noah, Pumelela; Konar, LenIntroduction Several countries have implemented various financing models to establish universal healthcare coverage (UHC). These financing models are established to ensure population coverage and financial protection, as recommended by the WHO (2020). The systems range from national health insurance (NHI), social health insurance (SHI), and voluntary health insurance (VHI). South Africa has recently introduced the NHI Act 2024, as a single-payer model, which has raised concerns as to whether the country will be able to finance such a system. Purpose This study examines the various models used in countries with established UHC systems. It examines the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and Ghana, to draw lessons for South Africa. The research explores taxation structures, mandatory contributions, and cost-sharing mechanisms as potential sources of revenue. Method The study uses a qualitative research design, examining empirical evidence of healthcare funding. Results The findings suggest that most countries incorporate incremental reforms, rather than fundamental ones. Whereby a combination of financing approaches is employed, there isn’t one that is most preferred. Financing approaches include different contributing and financing mechanisms through incorporating progressive taxation, hypothecated taxes, and premiums. These may provide sustainable sources of revenue for funding the NHI in South Africa. Additionally, the research highlights the importance of incremental reforms, financial 4 protection mechanisms for certain groups of people, and ways to include the informal sector in health financing. Conclusion South Africa has an opportunity to adopt an approach that promotes equity, access, and financial protection for all by looking at adopting some of these funding models but carefully adjusting them to fit the country in an incremental manner.Item Evaluating cybersecurity governance challenges in South African fintechs(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2025) Nhliziyo, Norman; Horvey, SylvesterThis research paper examines the key drivers and challenges of cybersecurity governance within South African fintech companies. The study found that compliance and risk management are the primary drivers for cybersecurity governance in fintechs. Compliance is regarded as a core responsibility for cybersecurity personnel, with achieving compliance objectives being a critical success factor for operating in the payments industry. Additionally, cybersecurity governance is integrated into a broader risk management approach, as fintechs consider cybersecurity as critical to ensuring business continuity and safeguarding reputational risk. However, the study also found several challenges in implementing cybersecurity governance within fintechs. These include financial constraints, a shortage of cybersecurity talent, low perceived value of cybersecurity, and a lack of alignment between the cybersecurity function and the broader business. The study recommends that fintechs address these challenges by enhancing executive oversight on the cybersecurity function, adopting quantitative risk analysis frameworks, leveraging technology more effectively, and distributing cybersecurity responsibilities across the organisation.