Wits Business School (ETDs)

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    Coal and the Environment: Some implications for South Africa
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2024) Makhombothi, Ntuthuko; Rangasamy, Logan
    South Africa’s coal industry faces an existential threat from the need to transition to a low carbon economy. This study analyses the implications of the Just Energy Transition (JET) on the coal industry of South Africa using mixed methods approach and secondary data from industry reports, government reports and academic sources. The study demonstrates the significant economic contribution of coal to the GDP, employment and energy security, while evaluating the JET framework against international principles. Although the JET framework is largely aligned with international principles, there are some areas for improvement. The decommissioning of the Komati power station illustrates the shortcoming in the distributive, restorative and redistributive justice. The findings suggest a need for a balanced JET that ensures economic growth, energy security and environmental sustainability. Further research is required to develop transition pathways that mitigate against the negative socioeconomic consequences for coal dependent communities
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    Non-compliant products in the South African economy: The role of the National Regulator for Compulsory Specifications (NRCS)
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2024) Makhoba, Portia; Mondi, Lumkile
    The study on non-compliant products in the South African economy aims to explore the prevalence, causes, and implications thereof. Non-compliant products refer to goods or services that do not meet the established regulations, standards, or requirements set by regulatory bodies or authorities (NRCS Act 5 of 2008). These regulations are put in place to ensure consumer safety, protect the environment, maintain fair competition, and ensure product quality. Understanding the background and context of this issue is crucial for developing effective regulatory strategies and interventions to ensure compliance and protect the interests of stakeholders. This study specifically investigates the role of the National Regulator for Compulsory Specifications (NRCS) in minimizing the inflow of non-compliant products in the South African economy within its jurisdiction The NRCS holds great importance in protecting the South African public from non-compliant products by implementing regulations and standards, the NRCS ensures that all manufactured goods within its jurisdiction meet the required minimum specifications, this is deployed through the NRCS diligent enforcement of the regulations, which effectively decrease the influx of non-compliant products into the South African economy. In the context of this study it will explores the role of the regulator in minimizing non-compliant products, which is possibly conquered through the enforcement of regulations, implementing inspection procedures, and promoting compliance among manufacturers, importers, and distributors in plight of promoting a safe economy for all
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    Enhancing livelihoods in Mhlakulo village in Eastern Cape through digital technology
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023) Majokweni, Yollanda; Mazonde, Nomusa
    In the rural expanse of the Eastern Cape, where prevailing socio-economic challenges include poverty, inadequate infrastructure, and unemployment, this study delves into the impact of digital technology access on livelihoods. Focused on the village of Mhlakulo, the research identifies a significant problem: the unequal opportunities for rural residents in business, visibility, and commerce due to limited digital access. The conceptual framework centres on the transformative potential of a proposed digital platform designed to offer crucial information on employment, SMME opportunities, and local services. This platform aims to foster connections among stakeholders, addressing disparities and instigating transformative changes in rural communities. The methodological approach involved a meticulous process of data collection through interviews and surveys tailored to the specific population and sample in Mhlakulo. Insights gathered through this approach comprehensively examined the impact of digital technology on livelihoods in the village. Key findings highlighted the pronounced influence of digital access on economic activities, showcasing the potential for improved employment opportunities, enhanced SMME engagement, and more efficient local service provision. The community's reliance on personal devices for digital access underscores the importance of reliable internet connectivity. Participants recognised the potential of digital access in supplementing traditional methods, indicating a potential coexistence rather than absolute replacement of traditional practices. Diverse levels of knowledge and skills in utilising digital technologies for businesses emerged as a key finding, reflecting the need for tailored support and training programs. Some participants actively integrate digital tools for daily planning and farm management, showcasing a proactive approach to leveraging technology. However, challenges related to data costs and unreliable internet
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    Employees’ Perceptions of Procedural Fairness of Employment Equity in a Multinational Pharmaceutical Company in South Africa
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2024) Maitisa, Norah; Appiah, Erasmus
    Introduction: All employment procedures need to be fair and free of discrimination for all employees. Perceptions of fairness of EE is associated with high staff morale, high performance, and overall satisfaction with the company. When employees have negative perceptions of fairness of EE procedures, this may be disruptive for the organisation and impact on employees’ job satisfaction, morale, and create a racial division among employees. This can only be harmful to organisations trying to achieve an equitable environment for all. Understanding of such perceptions by organisations allow for implementation of programmes that will allow dialogue and corrective actions and implementing appropriate programmes. Perceptions on EE fairness needs to be heard from both designated groups and previously advantaged groups. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the state of employees’ perceptions of EE procedural fairness, and to determine the impact of employees’ perception of EE procedural fairness of management & leadership practices (HR practices, performance appraisal and conflict management) on employees’ general satisfaction with the workplace. Methodology & Results: A survey questionnaire was used to collect data from employees in one company. Of the 104 electronic surveys shared with employees, 63 respondents returned the questionnaire and only data for 62 employees analysed. The study showed overall positive employees’ perceptions of EE procedural fairness. The study showed that positive perceptions of HR practices and conflict management increased overall satisfaction of employees with the workplace. Race, gender, and age had no influence on employees’ fairness perceptions in this study. Conclusion: When companies apply fair and consistent processes in HR, including conflict management, general employees’ satisfaction with the workplace increases. Positiveperceptions of procedural fairness will have a positive impact on companies, as employees are satisfied. Companies need ensure that all EE procedures are free from discrimination and are applied in a consistent manner across the organisation.
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    The influence of the Single African Air Transport Market (SAATM) on the South African aviation industry
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2024) Mainganya, Tshedza Caine; Totowa, Jacques
    This study examines the influence of the Single African Air Transport Market (SAATM) on the South African aviation industry. The paper uses Porter's Five Forces for thematic analysis to explore changes in market competition, airline operations, and regulatory frameworks. Key findings include increased market competition spurring service and operational innovations, shifts in airline operations such as route expansion and efficiency improvements, and the need for regulatory adaptations to maintain safety, security, and fair competition. This study provides comprehensive insights into the strategic implications and challenges for South African aviation stakeholders in the context of SAATM's implementation, contributing significantly to understanding aviation market liberalisation in Africa
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    Leadership during Digital Transformation in the South African Banking Sector
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2024) Mahadeo, Zane Jonathan; Mazonde, Nomusa
    This paper investigated the pivotal role of leadership in the context of digital transformation within the South African (SA) banking sector. The study delved into the various leadership styles, competencies, and practices adopted by banking leaders to propel digital transformation initiatives. As part of this research, qualitative research methods, were applied which included in-depth interviews with senior leaders in the SA banking sector. Through their perceptions and experiences the research sought to uncover critical leadership practices, including the identification of the most suitable leadership styles, the cultivation of a digital culture, and the implementation of effective change management strategies. Moreover, the paper aims to identify the current challenges faced by leaders in navigating the digital transformation landscape. This research will contribute to the existing body of knowledge on leadership during digital transformation in the SA banking sector. It will also enable organisation to harness the full potential of digital advancements and implement competitive strategies to succeed in the ever-evolving banking industry
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    Assessing skills gap among SMMEs as a barrier of business performance in Gauteng, South Africa
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2024) Maduna, Zethu; Chipeta, Eleanor Meda
    This research investigates the skills gap among Small, Medium, and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) in Gauteng, South Africa, and how they implicate business performance. Through a comprehensive analysis spanning literature review, data collection, and analysis, the study uncovers the challenges uncounted by SMMEs and offers recommendations on how to addressing them. The research reveals significant correlations between factors such as entrepreneurial education, training, and experience, highlighting their importance in shaping business outcomes. However, it also became apparent that while these factors contribute to individual capacity building, they do not necessarily translate into strategic business competencies, underscoring the need for a more nuanced approach to skills development. Moreover, the study identified challenges faced by SMMEs, including limited access to financial resources, market information, and support services. These obstacles pose significant barriers to growth and competitiveness, emphasizing the importance of targeted interventions to address structural constraints within the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Several recommendations are proposed in response to some of the challenges identified. SMMEs are encouraged to prioritize continuous learning and development initiatives to enhance both operational and strategic competencies. Collaboration between entrepreneurs, industry associations, government agencies, and educational institutions is essential to facilitate knowledge-sharing and resource mobilization
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    Factors influencing the approach to risk assessment in Scientific and Legal metrology in South Africa
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2024) Madiba, Tshifhiwa Elmon; Kriek, Drikus
    This study addresses the complex landscape of risk assessment in the field of scientific and legal metrology in the context of South Africa. The main objectives of the study were to identify key factors influencing the approach to risk assessment, evaluate the effectiveness of existing practices and propose recommendations to improve the accuracy and reliability of measurements. The research revealed a complex interplay of variables that influence risk assessment practices. Attitudes towards privacy and security risks were found to be of central importance. A positive correlation suggests that organizations and individuals with positive attitudes are more likely to undertake effective risk assessment. In particular, clear direction and support from senior management and regulators were identified as statistically significant factors, highlighting the importance of organizational structures and leadership in promoting effective risk assessment. Using a robust statistical framework, the study evaluated the effectiveness of existing risk assessment practices. Perceived behavioral control played a central role, with a higher score correlating positively with effective risk assessment. The results also highlight the impact of social pressure: companies that feel pressured to prioritize aspects other than privacy and security risks are less likely to conduct effective risk assessments. In response to the challenges and opportunities identified, the study proposes recommendations aimed at improving the accuracy and reliability of measurements in the field of scientific and legal metrology. The focus is on promoting a positive attitude towards risk, providing clear guidance and support, and dealing with perceived behavioral control and social pressure. To further advance the field, future research efforts should explore new technologies, evolving regulatory landscapes, and the dynamic socio-cultural factors that influence risk assessment in metrology. Exploring the intersection of digital progress and risk management could uncover new insights for proactive practices. This research sets the stage for a nuanced understanding of risk assessment in scientific and legal metrology and paves the way for informed policy and practice in an ever-evolving landscape.
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    Vodacom’s Disaster Response Strategy to KZN Floods
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2024) Maake, Tshilidzi; Natto, Dinah
    This paper presents an analysis of Vodacom's Disaster Response Strategy implemented in response to the floods that struck the KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) region. The strategy encompasses a comprehensive approach focusing on effective leadership, stakeholder engagement, resilient infrastructure, advanced technology integration, adaptive processes, collaboration with municipalities, and key components of disaster response. Through community-based approaches, environmental sustainability, crisis communication, psychosocial support, logistics and supply chain management, legal and regulatory frameworks, ethical considerations, innovation and technology transfer, and cross-sectoral coordination, Vodacom aimed to enhance disaster response effectiveness, resilience, and sustainability. The paper highlights the significance of inclusive and participatory approaches, interdisciplinary research and innovation, resilient urban planning and design, education and capacity building, financial mechanisms and risk transfer, and knowledge exchange, humanitarian diplomacy and advocacy, and recommendations for future research. The analysis underscores the importance of continuous improvement, learning, and adaptation in disaster response and risk reduction endeavours, emphasising collaboration with municipalities and other stakeholders
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    The Relationship between Renewable Energy Products and Cost-Effective Electricity among Middle-class consumers in Gauteng
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2024) Ludick, Sheldon; Venter, Robert
    This executive summary presents a business venture proposal to address the need for stable electricity in South Africa, by offering renewable energy solutions to middle to upper-income households. The proposal focuses on charging customers per kilowatt basis, thereby eliminating the initial capital outlay typically required for setting up renewable energy systems in homes by providing renewable energy infrastructure at no upfront cost to the consumer. A pay-as-you-use model stands as the unique selling proposition of Renew Able Technologies, giving it a distinct competitive advantage. By partnering with residents in the target living standards measure LSM bracket, the business aims to provide long-term electricity supply through renewable energy technologies at a competitive per- unit or kilowatt cost, creating a monthly income stream, while creating a long-term partnership with consumers. Additionally, renewable energy is environmentally friendly, and contributes to a greener, cleaner, and sustainable future. As a consequence, this proposal is not purely based on the current supply issues of electricity in South Africa, but instead, it aims to create a profitable business, at once contributing to the planet's sustainability. The business venture proposal will calculate the average daily usage of kilowatt hours to determine the appropriate solution for each household. Implementation costs will vary based on individual household needs; correspondingly, larger households will incur higher charges based on their monthly usage. Estimates suggest that by 2030, there will be over 100 million homes globally equipped with solar energy or other renewable energy sources, a significant increase from 25 million homes in 2020. This proposal aims to support this growth, by enabling households with limited upfront resources to access renewable energy through a per-unit supply model. The proposal suggests offering an affordable monthly electricity bill to attract customers who desire to switch to renewable energy but are put off by the upfront expenses. This proposal presents a solution to the current lack of renewable energy accessibility for households. The pricing strategy will adopt a competition-oriented approach, ensuring that the shift to renewable energy minimizes household monthly spending for electricity while promoting long-term self- sufficiency. Our marketing efforts will be geared towards middle- to upper-income homeowners through promotions at various events, roadshows, and advertising agencies. We will ensure that product and pricing information is easily accessible to everyone through radio and television channels. By doing so, we aim to reach as many potential customers as possible and provide them with the best possible service. To finance the venture, we plan to seek equity and loan funding. Specifically, we are proposing a split of 60% equity and 40% loan. In summary, this business venture proposal aims to capitalise on the growing demand for renewable energy, by offering households an affordable alternative to traditional electricity. In eliminating the initial capital outlay, the proposal seeks to tap into a market segment that desires renewable energy solutions but is hindered by cost constraints