Challenges imposed by legacy systems on digital transformation in Gauteng national departments

Abstract

The digital transformation of government institutions is critical for improving service delivery, operational efficiency, and citizen engagement. However, legacy systems characterised by outdated technologies, limited interoperability, and high maintenance costs pose significant challenges to modernisation efforts. This study explores the impact of legacy systems on digital transformation within Gauteng national departments, identifying key barriers and strategies employed to mitigate these challenges. Using a qualitative research approach, the study gathered insights from senior IT officials and digital transformation leaders through semi-structured interviews. The findings reveal that legacy systems impacts digital transformation by limiting system interoperability, creating bottlenecks and escalating operational expenses. Additionally, cultural resistance to change, inadequate leadership buy- in, and insufficient interests in modernisation efforts. Despite these obstacles, national departments have implemented various strategies, including phased system upgrades, the adoption of cloud computing, middleware solutions for integration, and digital skills development programs. The study highlights the crucial role of leadership, and stakeholder engagement in driving successful digital transformation. It offers strategic recommendations for IT leaders to enhance governance, improve interoperability, and ensure a smoother transition from legacy systems to modern digital infrastructures. The research contributes to the broader discourse on public sector digital transformation, providing insights that can inform policy and implementation strategies in government institutions beyond Gauteng. Future research should explore the use of AI in sustaining digital transformation initiatives and managing the challenges imposed on the journey.