The multidimensional nature of violence experienced by journalists working in South Africa

Abstract

This research report explores the multifaceted nature of violence experienced by journalists while practicing journalism in South Africa. Despite global efforts to ensure the safety of journalists, the profession remains perilous, particularly in volatile environments like South Africa. This study delves into the various dimensions of violence encountered by journalists, including physical, psychological, digital, and structural violence, and examines how these experiences impact their professional practices and personal well-being. The research employs a qualitative methodology, utilizing semi-structured interviews with eight hard news journalists to garner in-depth insights into their experiences. The theoretical framework is grounded in the hierarchy of influences model and the concept of structural violence, providing a comprehensive lens to analyse the data. The study reveals that violence against journalists in South Africa stems from multiple sources, including political elites, the police, the public, and online platforms. These threats not only undermine journalists' safety but also impede their autonomy and effectiveness, ultimately compromising their role in society and ability to function in their jobs. Key findings highlight the normalization of violence within the profession, the gendered nature of online harassment, and the intersectional impact of race and gender on journalists' experiences. The study also underscores the emotional impact of repeated exposure to traumatic events, which research shows makes journalists vulnerable to symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression. Coping strategies and support mechanisms, such as social support, therapy, and organisational interventions, are examined to understand how journalists navigate these challenges. The report concludes with recommendations for improving journalist safety, including the need for comprehensive institutional support, training on safety protocols, and fostering a culture of open discussions about mental health in newsrooms. By foregrounding the voices of journalists and their lived experiences, this research contributes to the broader discourse on journalism safety and underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions to protect journalists in South Africa.