BRICS (original 5) Policy Outlook, Transitional Electricity Production Technologies, Social Impact and Funding Models

Abstract

This thesis investigates the Just Energy Transition within the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa), with a particular focus on energy policy, technological innovations, social impact, and green finance. As the world transitions towards sustainable energy, it is critical to ensure that this shift is equitable, especially for emerging economies where energy access, social equity, and economic stability are central concerns. This research examines the energy policies of BRICS nations, assessing their effectiveness in fostering inclusive, sustainable development while addressing the environmental and social dimensions of the energy transition. It also explores the role of technology and green finance in enabling the transition to cleaner energy systems, particularly in the context of developing economies. Using a comparative case study approach, the thesis highlights the lessons learned from BRICS countries’ experiences in implementing just energy transitions, focusing on best practices and challenges faced. Special attention is given to South Africa, where energy poverty, socioeconomic inequalities, and dependence on coal have created significant barriers to a just transition. Drawing on the experiences of other BRICS nations, this research provides targeted recommendations for South Africa, emphasizing the need for tailored energy policies, social inclusion strategies, and investment in green finance to ensure a just and sustainable energy future. The findings contribute to the broader discourse on just energy transitions, offering insights for policymakers, industry leaders, and international stakeholders seeking to balance sustainability with equity in emerging economies.