Comparative Analysis of Water Hyacinth Efficiency as Biosorbent and Phyto remediating Plant for Removal of Lead (Pb) Water Contaminants
Date
2023-08
Authors
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Publisher
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
Abstract
One of the major problems facing the modern society is the issues of water contamination. The ability of aquatic plants to serve as both heavy metal biomarkers and phytoremediators has been advocated for many years. The purpose of this study was therefore to compare the efficacy of water hyacith as a biosorbent and phytoremediating plant for removal of lead from contaminated waters. Dry and fresh water hyacinth biomass were exposed to Pb-contaminated water at different time intervals of 1, 7, 14 and 21 days. The results showed that with the increase of the exposure time, the Pb removal capacity of the plant biomass also increased. The Pb water concentration in day 1 and day 7 were significantly different from those in day 14 and day 21 which were not significantly different from each other. The average Pb removal from the Pb-treated waters for the different time exposure of 1, 7, 14 and 21 days in the fresh water hyacinth biomass were 40%, 56%, 78 % and 79%, respectively, the highest reduction being in the latter. The biomass of the freshwater hyacinth roots had the highest Pd concentration compared to the shoot. On The other hand the average Pb removal by the dry water hyacinth biomass were 78.9 %, 78.5%, 78.3 % and 78.3% for day 1, 7, 14 and 21 respectively, showing no significant difference between the different time series exposure. This suggests the instant adsorption of Pb by the dry plant material from the first day of exposure, after which the active sites for adsorption saturates to accommodate any further Pb ion uptake. There were some plant stresses such as leaf chlorosis, and significant decrease in biomass weight and length of leaf-2 petiole in the lead-treated fresh water hyacinth plants compared to the controls (Pb-free water hyacinth plant). Thus, this study confirms that the largest removal by the dry water hyacinth biomass, occurred in the first day as opposed to the last day (day 21) by the freshwater hyacinth biomass.
Description
A research report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science, to the Faculty of Science, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences (AP&ES), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023.
Keywords
Biosorption Lead, Phytoremediation, Bioconcentration factor, Wastewater, Heavy metals, UCTD
Citation
Nwagbara, Victor Uzoma. (2023). Comparative Analysis of Water Hyacinth Efficiency as Biosorbent and Phyto remediating Plant for Removal of Lead (Pb) Water Contaminants. [Master's dissertation, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg]. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/42621