3. Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)

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    The adoption of AI for project portfolio management in South African financial services
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2025) Chisuro, Kundishora; Hughes, Mitchell
    The growing potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to improve project portfolio management (PPM) through better decision making, resource optimisation and strategic alignment is creating new opportunities for the South African financial services sector. This study examines the key technological, organisational and environmental factors influencing the adoption of AI for PPM, filling an important gap in research on emerging markets. Using the Technology-Organisation- Environment (TOE) framework, the study adopts a quantitative, cross-sectional design. Based on a literature review, nine key factors were identified and included in a questionnaire to assess their importance. The data was collected from IT and project management employees in South African financial services organisations. Covariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM) was used to analyse the relationships between these factors and the adoption of AI. The results show that high data quality and a favourable investment environment are the most important factors. Organisational readiness, technological infrastructure, top management support, supportive culture and government regulation also have a positive influence. In contrast, the availability of AI technologies and skilled technical personnel has a negative effect when considered alone, suggesting that these factors may hinder adoption without additional support. Although the study focuses on the South African financial services sector, which may limit the generalisability of the findings, it provides useful insights into the factors driving AI adoption. The findings provide recommendations for financial organisations, IT leaders, project management stakeholders and policy makers to support AI integration, guide strategic decisions and develop frameworks that promote responsible AI adoption while driving innovation. This research contributes to the theoretical understanding of AI adoption for PPM in emerging markets, particularly in South Africa. By applying the TOE framework and CB-SEM, it highlights the importance of an integrated approach considering the interplay of technological, organisational and environmental factors.
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    Investigating Factors Influencing Pro-Environmental Behaviour Among Students at the University of the Witwatersrand
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2024) Chipoka, Nyashadzashe; Mazonde, Nomusa
    This quantitative study investigated the factors influencing pro-environmental behaviour (PEB) among students at the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits), guided by the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). This research explored the roles of environmental knowledge, social influence, sense of control, and demographic characteristics in shaping PEB among a diverse student population in South Africa. The study revealed that social influence, particularly within the university context, emerged as a powerful predictor of PEB, with the university environment exerting a stronger influence than family. Results indicated a significant positive correlation between environmental knowledge and PEB yet highlighted a gap between awareness and proactive information-seeking. Perceived behavioural control (PBC) also significantly and positively correlated with PEB, although variability across different actions suggested barriers unique to each situation. Notably, while gender and education level did not significantly predict PEB, age and field of study did, emphasising the need to consider the specific institutional and cultural context when examining the impact of any demographics on PEB. The findings from the study suggest that while the TPB provides a useful framework for understanding PEB, incorporating insights from other behavioural theories and considering demographic moderators may enhance its explanatory power. Recommendations for Wits include integrating pro-environmental practices into educational programmes, campus culture, infrastructure, academic disciplines, and providing financial incentives and promoting a sense of collective responsibility.
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    Innovation Strategies for a South African Bank to Form Strategic Partnerships with FinTechs to Gain a Competitive Advantage
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2025) Chipeya, Tebogo Prince; Sethibe, Tebogo
    In the rapidly evolving South African financial landscape, traditional banking institutions face the dual challenge of maintaining competitiveness, while simultaneously leveraging cutting edge technological advancements. This study investigated the innovation strategies that a South African bank can adopt to form strategic alliances with FinTechs, aiming to capture a competitive advantage within the South African banking industry. The purpose of this study was to identify the key drivers for forming strategic partnerships with FinTechs, the opportunities and challenges that come with such alliances, and as well as their effect on a banking institution’s competitive advantage. The research focused on the traditional banking sector, which must sustain and enhance existing structures, while adjusting to changes brought about by financial technologies. A qualitative research method was employed, with data collected by way of semi- structured interviews. The interview participant were executives and senior managers involved in the development and implementation of innovation strategies as well as strategic partnerships with FinTechs. Thirteen participants were selected from various departments within the bank, thus providing a comprehensive view of that bank's approach to innovation and collaboration with FinTechs. Key findings revealed that internal factors such as organizational culture and technological capabilities; along with external factors like regulatory changes and prevailing market conditions, significantly influence the bank’s innovation strategies. Strategic collaborations with FinTechs appeared to offer several advantages, including but not limited to improved operational efficiency, increased market reach, and enhanced customer experience. However, potential drawbacks such as reputational risk, regulatory risk, market saturation, and cultural fit need to be managed effectively. The study emphasized the importance of strategic fit and alignment between the bank and FinTechs ensuring that both entities share common goals and values. Additionally, a customer-centric approach was crucial in selecting FinTech partners and developing solutions that meet customer needs. Continuous monitoring and evaluation of FinTech partnerships were essential to ensure their success and make necessary adjustments. The study contributed to the existing body of knowledge (BoK) in banking innovation and strategic partnerships. It did so by providing insights into the strategic considerations and implications of banking innovation and partnership strategies within the South African context. Managerial implications included recommendations for creating an environment 3 where innovation can flourish, enhancing existing technological infrastructure, addressing regulatory issues, and developing effective risk management frameworks. By leveraging the attendant strengths of FinTechs, the South African bank can improve its competitive advantage and create more value for its customers.
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    Generative AI's impact on bank relationship manager roles and customer lending experiences
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2025) Briglal, Vanessa; Anning, Thomas Dorson
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    Exploring Technical Implementation of Cybersecurity Measures within Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the South African Market
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2025) Baloyi, Dineo; Dawood, Zubeida
    Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are integral to South Africa’s economy, contributing up to 40% of GDP. However, they remain highly vulnerable to evolving cyber threats due to resource constraints, limited expertise, and challenges in regulatory compliance. This study explores the technical implementation, effectiveness, and challenges of cybersecurity measures in South African SMEs across four key sectors, namely financial services, retail and e-commerce, manufacturing, and mining. Using an interpretivist, qualitative research approach, the study gathered insights from semi-structured interviews with thirteen SMEs and document analysis to uncover cybersecurity practices and challenges. The research integrates the Resource-Based View (RBV), Diffusion of Innovations (DOI), and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to contextualise adoption behaviours and internal capabilities. Findings show limited adoption of advanced security measures due to cost, lack of expertise, and the complexity of POPIA compliance. Practical recommendations include cost-effective AI-driven solutions, improved cybersecurity literacy, and sector-specific policy support. This research contributes contextually by highlighting sectoral differences, methodologically by combining interview and document analysis, and theoretically by applying and extending RBV, DOI, and TAM frameworks in an emerging market context.
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    The role of Blockchain in reducing cross-border remittance costs for South Africans
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2025) Zurfluh, Thorne
    The de-risking of central banking relationships (CBR’s) after the 2008 Global Financial Crisis has led to a reduction in the number of financial institutions, resulting in increased costs and slower cross-border remittances (Rella, 2019). Additionally, the high remittance fees in developing economics are further attributed to cash-based transactions for first and last mile remittance deliveries, regulation, compliance costs, as well as the lack of competition in these markets (Rühmann et al., 2020). The paper highlights the problems faced with traditional methods of remitting and develops a series of research questions that are investigated. An in depth understanding of the cost driving mechanisms are unpacked, as well as the time delays experienced when remitting. By developing an understanding and focusing on remitters within the SADC corridors of Zimbabwe, Malawi and Mozambique, the study will narrow allowing for a more detailed analysis of the ‘real’ costs involved. The research design adopts a hypothesis testing approach, leveraging existing data on cross-border remittance costs and transaction speeds. A quantitative method approach using SPSS was adopted, which will enable statistical testing of the research hypotheses outlined. This paper therefore seeks to compare the average costs and transaction speeds associated with using blockchain in cross-border remittance to that of the traditional methods used in South Africa. Globally, South Africa remains the costliest G20 nation to remit from, with an average remittance cost of 12.82% in Q4 2023, compared to the UK at 6.4%, the US at 5.9%, and Germany at 6.1% during the same period. Should South Africa leverage blockchain technology in the remittance market, the remittance costs in cross-border transactions may be reduced significantly.
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    Investigate the extent to which the Court Online System addresses or deepens the digital divide among legal practitioners in Gauteng
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2025) Tsweleng, Tebogo Emmanuel; Oba, Pius
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    Introducing a Scalable WhatsApp Banking Solution in South Africa
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2025) Sukdeo, Revaaj
    A significant portion of the South African population is not only unbanked but also underbanked. The introduction of a USSD based WhatsApp Banking solution that is easy to use and affordable can provide another channel in the Digital Banking space to help alleviate this issue. This writing focused on ascertaining the optimal design and commercialisation route for such a solution, using the qualitative approach to extract information from industry expert. The findings indicate that user perception of platform security coupled with customer education is key for market acceptance while the inclusion of transactional services and streamlined menu flows will enhance usability.
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    Analysis of Key South African Market Dynamics in the B2C E-Commerce Sector
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2025) Sivnarain, Sakshna; Matshabaphala, Manamela
    The global e-commerce industry has seen remarkable growth, with South Africa (SA) emerging as a key player. However, the dominance of local companies in SA's e-commerce market has led to monopolistic practices and limited competition, particularly from international players. This study aims to address this gap by comprehensively analysing the factors influencing international interest in the SA e-commerce market and recommending strategies for attracting and preparing for foreign entrants. This capitalisation on opportunities is crucial for sustainable growth and economic development. Data for the analysis was sourced from secondary sources including reports, publications, and datasets from authoritative bodies such as the Competition Commission, Statistics SA, the Department of Trade, Industry, and Competition, and the National Consumer Commission, along with market research from Euromonitor, Market Research Foundation and Payfast by Network State of Pay reports. The study applies quantitative analysis to assess market trends, competition, regulatory factors, technological infrastructure, and consumer behaviour in SA’s e-commerce sector. While this approach offers valuable insights into international market entry considerations, it is susceptible to the dynamic nature of the e- commerce market. SA’s B2C e-commerce market presents significant opportunities for foreign entrants, driven by rising digital adoption, an expanding middle class, and growing consumer trust in online shopping. However, barriers such as logistics inefficiencies, regulatory complexities, and market fragmentation limit seamless international expansion. While dominant local players like Takealot and Checkers have set high service benchmarks, the market remains fragmented, allowing space for international competitors to establish a foothold before full market maturation. The success of Shein and Temu, leveraging competitive pricing and digital engagement, demonstrates SA consumers’ openness to global brands and signals a favourable market for international investment. Despite these opportunities, SA is only partially prepared for large-scale foreign entry due to gaps in logistics, payment systems, and regulatory clarity. Targeted investments in infrastructure, simplified cross-border trade policies, and incentives such as SEZ tax benefits can enhance SA’s appeal to global players. Additionally, standardising digital payment systems, promoting omnichannel retail strategies, and fostering consumer trust will strengthen local market resilience.
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    Towards a critical minerals strategy for South Africa
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2025) Sivhabu, Gudani; Mathetsa, Steven
    The global transition towards renewable energy and advanced battery technologies has increased demand for critical minerals, necessitating strategic mineral resources management. South Africa, endowed with vast mineral wealth, has yet to formalise its critical minerals strategy (CMS) to align with global best practices and secure its position in the changing minerals economy. This study explores the foundational elements required to develop a CMS by analysing established strategies from leading mining economies which are the United States, Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and India, and assessing their applicability to the South African context. Using a qualitative case study research approach, this research examined critical mineral policies, regulatory frameworks, stakeholder relations, and supply chain strategies across these case study nations. The findings highlight key themes, including, national security, supply chain diversification, sustainability, stakeholder collaboration, and technological innovation, all of which are important for a robust but dynamic CMS. The study also covered South Africa’s opportunities and challenges, emphasising the need for policy coherence, investment in research and development, mineral exploration and infrastructure development. The paper concludes with recommendations for South Africa’s CMS discussing elements that can leverage South Africa’s mineral resources for economic transformation, industrial development and global competitiveness. This study contributes to academic discourse on resource governance by providing a structured framework for emerging economies to navigate the critical minerals development in a rapidly evolving geopolitical landscape.