Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management (ETDs)

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    Income related health inequalities associated with Covid 19 pandemic in South Africa: evidence from wave 4.
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023-05-26) Zulu, Abongile; Oyenubi, Adeola
    Even though there have been some observable significant developments within the average level of diseases and rates of mortalities in many nations (developed and developing), health inequalities that exist within and between various nations, within social groupings and different religious groups have expanded in the last years (CSDH/WHO, 2007). Respectively, this increase in health inequalities has been a growing concern for many governments across the world. Also, civil society organisations and other organisations operating internationally have been more concerned on how they would go about reducing these inequalities (CSDH/WHO, 2007). On this point, the World Health Organisation has noted previously that the most efficient way for health care sector to contribute to the lessening or reduction of disparities existing in health is by establishing a good systems and procedures of primary health care. The contribution of a well established primary health care system is through the realization of various mediations in order to deal with the social determining factors, and these are social and economic conditions that are inclusive of the health care system structure that is influenced by resources, power and the distribution of money that consequently influence separate and group differences existing within the status of health (Burger & Christian, 2018). The most recent available evidence suggests that primary health care principles and values, equity in health, people centred care and subsequently a most important part for communities in health action can answer to the prospects and challenges faced by the modern-day societies (NICD, 2020)
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    Exploring informal cross border trading and poverty reduction in Harare
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2021) Chadambuka, Rumbidzai Ann; Lynge, Halfdan
    Informal sector in Africa is a major source of income and entrepreneurship for those with less skills and the unemployed. ICBT is a common informal activity for poor households, and it is a survival strategy for the marginalised, especially women. ICBT is mainly attributed to failing economies and poverty in Africa. This study explores how ICBT contributes to the socio-economic needs of Harare households. There is scant literature on ICBT's contributions to day-to-day basic needs. Thus, this study sought to fill this gap in literature by exploring the contributions of ICBT in Harare households. A qualitative study was conducted with twenty participants consisting of thirteen women engaged in ICBT, five family members and two agents. Participants were recruited using snowball and purposive sampling and, on the basis that they were female, resided in Harare, engaged in ICBT between Harare and Johannesburg or a family member staying with the female trader or an agent of the trader. Face-to-face and telephonic interviews were conducted with participants using narrative approach and were audio-recorded. Data were analysed using thematic data analysis ICBT has made positive and negative socio-economic impact in the home. Due to failing economic conditions in Zimbabwe, both the employed and unemployed, educated and less educated, find themselves in ICBT to generate income and to supplement their low salaries. ICBT has empowered women in Harare by making them financially independent to cater for their family needs. Women’s role has been changing from unpaid household chores to being breadwinners and this earns them respect they never had before. The sector has its own challenges mainly due to changes in economic trends, government regulations, societal and cultural expectations, and Covid-19 pandemic. These challenges do not necessarily stop ICBT because traders always find other ways to continue in business. Strengthening context-specific and context-driven policies that are supportive and not hostile to ICBT should be prioritized in empowering women and curbing the challenges they face in ICBT.
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    Financial implications of the nationalization of land on household disposable income in South Africa
    (2020) Mkwetshana, Zoliswa
    This research studies the financial effects of land nationalization on household disposable income in South Africa. The paper reviews the financial effects of land reforms in selected Asian, African, European and North American countries. The paper will test the effect of weaker collateral provided to lenders as a result of nationalizing of land. The dependent variable selected to test the financial effect of weaker collateral provided by households in South Africa is the credit risk premium charged by lenders on mortgage bond debt. The effect on household disposable income is calculate using the incremental credit risk premium which would be levied by lenders in the case of land nationalization. The paper covers data from 1975 to 2019 where available. The paper used an empirical model to run multiple regression using ordinary least squares. The independent variables utilized include household debt to residential property price; foreign exchange rate, gross domestic product growth and inflation.