Electronic Theses and Dissertations (Masters)

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Teacher pedagogies for literacy acquisition amongst EFAL learners in Grade 3 in two schools in the Western Cape
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023-08) Dooms, Anastasia Chloe; Martin, Cameron
The issue of literacy and language development is still a pressing concern within South African education. Many South African learners that are required to attend school and learn in their first/second additional language (FAL) as opposed to their home language (HL) are disadvantaged and comparatively excluded compared to their peers that learn in their HL. In the foundation phase, literacy acquisition is seen as a building block to education and therefore teachers need to ensure that learners have acquired adequate oral vocabulary and phonological awareness in English to enable a strong literacy foundation for their transition from their HL to English (EFAL). This study analysed the pedagogical practices used by four Grade 3 educators from two non-English schools in the Western Cape during their EFAL lessons. The research intended to identify the pedagogical approaches used by these educators to assist learners in learning and adequately acquiring their FAL to the level of proficiency needed for English as the language of instruction from Grade 4 onwards. A qualitative approach was used and incorporated the use of two EFAL lesson observations (per educator), lesson plan analyses, and semi-structured interviews. The main findings were analysed through the lens of Pedagogical Link-Making (PLM) (Scott et al., 2011). PLM as an evaluation tool was used to guide and thereafter analyse the observations and the post-observation interviews. This was used to establish the effective pedagogies used by Grade 3 educators to establish meaning amongst their learners. The findings gave insight into promising pedagogical actions that should be incorporated into teaching and learning EFAL to facilitate meaning making amongst learners and ensure adequate language and literacy acquisition. The inclusive education field will benefit from further research being conducted into PLM, with particular interest in language and literacy development. This may aid the field of education to find new ways for educators to adapt their pedagogical practices to foster inclusion within their classroom and hinder the exclusionary practices faced by EFAL learners due to learning barriers imposed by language.
The Effects of Mathematical Modelling and its Application in Algebraic Functions on Grade 11 Learners’ Performance
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023-07) Ngubane, Sibongiseni; Ekol, George
To explore the effects of mathematical modelling on Grade 11 learners’ academic performance in algebraic functions, teachers’ self-efficacy and their overall perceptions, is the purpose of this research study. For the achievement of this goal, the research study followed a mixed method for both collecting and analyzing data. However, a pre-test and a post-test, interviews, and a questionnaire were used to collect data. The study content was limited to mathematical modelling in algebraic functions, learners doing pure mathematics in Grade 11, and mathematics teachers in the FET phase only. Eighty-seven (87) Grade 11 learners doing mathematics from one (1) selected school under the ILembe district in KwaZulu Natal participated in the research study, where 44 (51%) formed an experimental group and the other 43 (49%) learners formed a control group. Findings revealed that the experimental group taught through modelling with a guided discovery approach outperformed the control group that was taught through a direct instruction approach to learning. Hence, the difference between the modelling and direct instruction teaching approaches is statistically significant. Six (6) learners from the experimental group were purposively sampled to participate in the semi-structured interviews for the researcher's purposes of exploring learners’ perceptions about mathematical modelling. Learners reported that modelling could improve their level of cognition. Thirty-three (33) mathematics teachers in the FET phase from fourteen (14) high schools in KwaZulu Natal participated in the study by completing a questionnaire about modelling. Findings revealed that teachers have positive attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions about modelling in mathematics education even though there are no teachers’ professional development workshops provided to encourage them based on modelling. This study recommended that the department of education put more efforts into supporting and motivating teachers to implement modelling in mathematics classrooms, provide teachers with professional development workshops based on modelling, design and distribute teaching and learning support documents to all schools providing mathematics, and do follow-up to check the progress in teachers’ developments.
The role of TPACK in enhancing students' knowledge of the design process: A case study of Grade 9 Technology Educators
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023-07) Modise, Refilwe; Dewa, Alton
The department of basic education is making efforts to transform educator pedagogy by introducing the use of digital technology in South African classrooms. Thus, the utilisation of digital tools in the technology classroom is likely to improve the students‟ comprehension of the design process. Educators need a well-developed Technological pedagogical content knowledge to meaningfully integrate Technology in their classrooms. The core purpose of this research is to investigate the role of the TPACK body of knowledge in enhancing grade 9 student understanding of the design process to improve learner achievement and to allow learners to design models that are fit-for-purpose and usable beyond the classroom. This is a qualitative research study aimed at capturing rich-data to answer the main research questions of the study. The TPACK framework was used in this study to determine the role of TPACK in enhancing the knowledge of students when they learn the design process. The data collection method used was interviews, where five grade 9 educators were purposively sampled from Sedibeng east to establish the role of TPACK in the Technology classroom. The study is underpinned by constructivism and social constructivism learning theory that follows a learner centred approach to teaching the design process. The finding of the study reveal that educators are interested in using digital tools in their classroom, however they are constrained by the lack of technological support, limited access to digital tools and the lack of Technological pedagogical content knowledge. The findings further reveal that educators are attempting the integration of technology in the classroom but they do not appropriately articulate the affordances of digital tools that will enhance the learners understanding of the design process. To answer the research question, the role TPACK cannot be meaningfully measured as the educators showed a lack of Technological pedagogical content knowledge. According to the educators‟ point of view, students became interested in the lesson when they used digital tools therefore, if they can be trained in using digital tools, they will be able to enhance the understanding of students in the design process. This would allow learners to design and make models that fit-for-purpose and come up with solutions that show a deeper understanding of the problem they had to investigate. The finding further shows that if the TPACK can be used meaningfully, it will play an important role in learning of the design process. In future Pre-service and in-service educators must be equipped with TPACK body of knowledge and more digital tools must be available in the Technology classroom for the learners to meet the learning outcomes of the design process.
Grade 10 Learners errors when operating Integers
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023-10) Naidoo, Sheldon Samuel; Pournara, Craig
This study focuses on learners’ errors in integers and explores the changes in their errors during their grade 10 year. The data utilised in this study was collected by the WMCS project in 2018. The data was collected from learners of 15 low-performing schools in Gauteng, South Africa. Part of this study consisted of a comparison of two groups of learner responses. The first group comprised of learners of teachers who participated in a professional development course offered by the project in 2016/2017 (TM group) and the second group are learners whose teachers did not attend the course (CNT group). These schools had no prior relationships with the Wits Maths Connect Secondary (WMCS) project. I looked at the responses that grade10 learners made when ordering and operating on integers at two different points of a school year. The tests were written in February and September of the same year and were analysed from a random sample of 196 grade 10 learners from 40 low-performing secondary schools in Gauteng, South Africa. Test items dealt with ordering of integers and operating on integers. Working from a Vygotskian perspective, a framework dealing with concept formation of negative numbers was developed to analyse learners’ test responses. In this study, I focused solely on the responses given by the learners of the two groups and explored the persistency of errors within each group as well as the type of errors found across the groups. Having this data point per learner allowed for further investigations regarding persistent errors and errors which were remediated and waned during the year. Furthermore, it provided an opportunity to detect new errors arising which would impact the learning of other topics. This framework made it possible to identify seven types of errors. The findings show that while learners’ performance improved from pre-test to post-test, many grade 10 leaners still have difficulty with the concept of negative numbers.
IsiZulu High School Learners’ Attitudes Towards Learning IsiZulu Folktales: A Case Study of a High School in Soweto
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023-07) Simelane, Nomkhosi Swelihle; Ntombela, Sipho Albert
The Department of Basic Education leaves it to indigenous language teachers to decide on the genre they prefer to teach between novels and folklore, consisting of traditional poetry, idioms, proverbs, riddles, and folktales. However, there is no study that has been conducted to investigate isiZulu learners’ attitudes towards learning isiZulu folktales. Consequently, this study serves to fill a gap in extant literature. Its purpose was to investigate isiZulu high school learners’ attitudes towards learning isiZulu folktales in School X. Two research tools (a questionnaire and structured interviews) were used to collect data and the Thematic Content Analysis was used to analyse it. The results of the study were the following: (1) Most isiZulu high school learners in school x have a positive attitude towards learning isiZulu folktales; (2) isiZulu learners’ attitudes towards learning isiZulu folktales were influenced either positively or negatively by the contents of folktales, environments and the teachers’ attitudes; (3) the learners’ viewpoints were that teachers need to change their teaching methods and negative attitude towards isiZulu folktales. However, more studies need to be conducted to find out how isiZulu teachers teach isiZulu folktales in different grades, and how student teachers are prepared by the South African universities to teach isiZulu folktales.
Teachers’ understanding of advantages and disadvantages of implementing inclusive education in one selected mainstream primary school in Ekurhuleni South district
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023-09) Makama, Bathobile; Aloka, Peter
Inclusive education was set to bring about change that has yet to be effective in the field. Many South African policies were created to guide it, but the contradiction has left many confused and teachers at the forefront with no support. This study aimed to investigate teachers’ understanding of advantages and disadvantages of implementing inclusive education in one selected mainstream primary school in Ekurhuleni South district. To achieve this goal, three research objectives were set to govern the study, namely: to explore teachers’ understanding of inclusive education in the selected mainstream primary school; to examine teachers’ understanding of the advantages of implementing inclusive education in the selected mainstream primary school and finally, to explore teachers’ understanding of the disadvantages of implementing inclusive education in the selected mainstream primary school. This study used the interpretive research paradigm. The design that was used in this study is a case study because it dealt with contemporary phenomena. The sample size of 7 teachers allocated to the intermediate phase from Grade 4- 7 were obtained by using the purposive sampling method. The research instruments adopted comprised of a semi-structured interview for three teachers and one focus group discussion for the other four teachers. The data was analysed by employing a thematic analysis framework to enable analysis of interview data. The findings of the study indicated that teachers have multiple understandings of what inclusive education such as; holistic teaching, team teaching, effective communication and understanding, accommodation of diverse learners, creation of special schools for learners with disabilities and dumb down content for support. The findings of the study also reported teachers understanding of advantages of inclusive education as; caters for diverse needs of all learners, enhances intrapersonal understanding of learners with special needs, enhances self-esteem of disabled learners and provides equal opportunities for all learners. The study highlights teachers understanding of implementing inclusive education to include; lack of teacher training, overcrowded classrooms, limited class time, overloaded curriculum, lack of support, lack of resources, incorrect infrastructure, teaching by trial and error amongst others. The study recommends that the Department of Education should provide continuous in-service teacher training on inclusive education.
Applying critical literacy theory to examine English Further Education and Training short story textbooks
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023-08) Sekgobela, Adolph; Nkealah, Naomi
Textbook authors have worked hard over the years to produce quality work. However, it has been a challenge in South African basic education to use these textbooks to train learners to be critical thinkers, which means that learners struggle to cope when they reach higher education. Basic education assesses basic knowledge, without learners themselves being challenged to engage creatively with content and interpret it through a critical lens. This study researched on three short story textbooks, namely Fabulous, Short Story Anthology and Changes using the qualitative method. These are short story textbooks used in public schools in South Africa, as part of English First Additional Language subject content. Purposive sampling was used to make selection of short stories. Within each book, the Department of Basic Education prescribed eight stories for learning. This study selected two of the eight prescribed stories from each book, making six short stories selected for the research. These stories were analysed with their activities against critical literacy theory. It was found that short story activities, especially those studied in Grade 11 and 12, do not assist learners to develop skills such as problem-solving, creative writing, and critical literacy, and that the Grade 10 stories do in some instances promote critical literacy skills development. On the whole, it was found that all short stories limit learners from being creative beings who are able to rewrite, rethink and reconstruct the world around them.
The representation of father and son relationships in African fairy tales
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023-08) Nkosi, Hlengiwe; Nkealah, Naomi
This research project examines the representation of father and son relationships in African fairy tales. The purpose of this research is firstly to analyse how father and son relationships are portrayed in African fairy tales. The second purpose of this research is to determine the types of father and son relationships portrayed in the African fairy tales and how those relationships expand, challenge or support the existing knowledge about what it means to be a father and a man. I used ten fairy tales to conduct this study. Three of the fairy tales are from Ethiopia, one fairy tale is from Kenya, four are from South Africa, one from Zimbabwe, and one from Ghana. I analysed the data for this study using a thematic content analysis method. My findings were that there are five types of father and son relationships: dysfunctional father and son relationships, detached father and son relationships, distanced father and son relationships, absent father and son relationships, and positive father and son relationships. There are five factors that determined the father and son relationships; these factors are hard work, wisdom and knowledge, obedience and disobedience, communication, and reckless behaviour. The types of father and son relationships portrayed in the African fairy tales affirm, contest and extend existing knowledge on fatherhood and masculinity in different ways.
Exploring learner errors and misconceptions in algebraic expressions with Grade 9 learners
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023-09) Stemele, Bulelwa Penelope; Makonye, Judah; Asvat, Zaheera Jina
Mathematics is a crucial skill for the acquisition of relevant skills in society and is required for admission to South African universities and other higher education institutions. However, South African learners’ performance in mathematics on local and international educational achievement tests has been a major source of concern. Algebra is one area of mathematics that learners struggle with. Algebra is challenging because it is a more abstract form of mathematics and learners are unable to relate it to their daily lives. Algebra is essential because it serves as the foundation for further study in mathematics and other disciplines. Learners in Grade 9 struggle with the variables, equations, and abstract concepts found in algebra. Most errors and misconceptions that learners commit in mathematics stem from a lack of algebra background knowledge. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore algebraic expression errors and misconceptions in Grade 9. The study was based on the Vygotskian sociocultural theory of learning. According to the Vygotskian sociocultural theory, teachers and mathematics manipulative plays an essential role in facilitating learning in their learners Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). A mixed-methods study was used to explore the errors and misconceptions committed by Grade 9 learners when solving algebraic expressions. The data was collected through tests and learner interviews from a class of 22 Grade9s. After analysing the pre-test data and identifying common errors and misconceptions, an intervention involving the use of algebra tiles to teach algebraic expressions was implemented. Firstly, my study supports the error types identified in the literature. Secondly, my study demonstrates an improvement in performance on the post-test following an intervention using algebra tiles. According to research, the use of manipulatives helps learner construct a conceptual understanding by consolidating abstract ideas. This study adds to previous research indicating the usefulness of manipulatives in mathematics classrooms.
Investigation of how the teaching of climatology concepts in grade12 through multimedia is done: Cases of four schools in Johannesburg North, Gauteng Province
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023-09) Sethole, Mokurubane Simon; Mbatha, Khanyisile; Ndlovu, Nokulunga S.
The introduction of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) within education system in the 21st Century has been a motivating and encouraging phenomenon, which has completely revolutionised the way in which teaching and learning happen within the classroom. With ICT comes the usage of multimedia that has proven its significance due to its positive impact on the teaching and learning processes. This study explores and compiles good teaching practices that Grade12 educators demonstrate when teaching the climatology concepts using multimedia. Four qualified and well-experienced Geography Educators were selected from good performing schools that has ICT infrastructure. Teacher’s lessons of about 35 to 45 minutes where they taught climatology concepts using multimedia, were observed and recorded. Qualitative data collected were analysed using thematic analysis whereby categorization and combining of the trends was applied. The findings of the study reveal that the teachers under study have similar pedagogical practices during instruction when using multimedia even though their approach and multimodalities were different. This highlights the uniqueness of each individual teacher and thus proves that there is no linear way in which multimedia teaching should happen. In addition, the findings of the study reveal that the teachers valued the importance of investing time in designing multimedia adequately. They argue that teacher’s knowledge of which multimedia to use during instruction, and how such multimedia should be used, are significant to the effectiveness of their teaching of climatology concepts in Geography. Moreover, the lesson observations revealed that multimedia was used as a centralised tool to reinforce concepts taught during the lesson - in particular, the infographic. Even though teachers used different multimodalities at different stages of their lessons, it seems that teachers used multimedia as a reference tool or point. It is evident that teaching of climatology concepts with multimedia is multifaceted and it involves detailed and systematic planning, well thought instruction through efficient design and implementation and careful interactions between the teachers, students and multimedia (didactical triangle).
Understanding the dynamics that enable and constrain the implementation of learnership programmes as skills development interventions in South Africa: A descriptive analysis of learnership programmes funded by the Education Training And Development Practices –Sector Education Training Authority (ETDP Seta)
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023-09) Khubisa, Zanele Cynthia; Ramsarup, Presha
The study aimed to understand the dynamics that enable and determine the implementation of Education, Training, and Development Practices Sector Education and Training Authority (ETDP SETA) funded learnerships (2017/18 and 2018/2019) as critical skills development interventions in South Africa. The qualitative analysis considered the viewpoints of learners, host employers, and ETDP SETA Officials. Several key enablers have been identified, namely workplace-based learning, effective mentoring and monitoring, and evaluation of learnerships. On the other hand, certain key constraints have also been identified including limited involvement of corporate employers, inadequate resourcing, lack of educational progression, and the delays in issuing of certificates. It is important to note that the latter two constraints directly affect the employability of beneficiaries. The study recommended that the ETDP SETA improve its efforts to cultivate a consistent understanding of the national skills development imperatives amongst its stakeholders; incentivise employers to enhance their participation in workplace-based training and enforce policies and legislation that promoted improved pathways and connections to the rest of the PSET system. The SETA should consider enforcing measures that promote the timely issuing of certificates.
Building back better food systems: Exploring how employees learn about food waste in a food processing company in Gauteng Province, South Africa
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023-10) Nesengani, Elelwani Clinton; Jenkin, Nicola; Ramsarup, Presha
At a time when there is increasing local and global interest in the development of sustainable food systems, it is important for food processing companies to find ways of minimising food waste. Thus, it is important to understand what knowledge employees working in the food processing industry have about food waste and how they learn about ways of minimising such waste. This study explored how employees learn about food waste when commercially processing food at a food processing company in Gauteng Province, South Africa. The study investigated employees' knowledge about food waste, opportunities for work-based learning about food waste, how work-based learning about food waste is organised and facilitated, and challenges faced in organising and facilitating such learning. Data for the study was collected from in-person interviews and on-site observations. Process controllers, team leaders, general workers, product receivers, sustainability training coordinators, and the management team were interviewed. Work-based learning theory, and in particular, Lave and Wenger’s (1991) theory of situated learning, was used to frame the analysis of the data collected. In establishing a context for learning about food waste, it was found that employees described food waste in three ways: expired food, food spillages on the floor, and food in poor condition. These descriptions indicated that employees did not connect the issue of food waste to the food processing work that they accomplish. Unlike other sustainability issues such as food safety, health, and general waste management, there was a generally low level of awareness about food waste. Analysis of interviews and observational data indicated that, in the food processing company studied, there are no structured ways of learning how to reduce food waste. Instead, this issue is managed through "reactive learning", where team leaders and process controllers highlight a particular issue to food processing employees after food has been wasted. Some employees expressed interest in sustained, proactive opportunities for learning about food waste. It is evident that there is a need for structured learning opportunities about food waste for employees working in the food processing company studied and for greater awareness of the implications of food waste on both employees and employers.
Exploring the teaching and learning role of agricultural extension workers
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023-10) Adrupio, Scovia; Ramsarup, Presha
Agricultural extension has been identified as a key occupation in many African countries. This is because extension workers play a critical role in linking farmers and other actors within the agricultural sector to policy and practice. As a result, teaching and learning are their most important roles. Agricultural extension systems and the work done by agricultural extension workers are faced with a number of challenges, including inadequate funding, a limited number of extension workers, climate change, and general changes in the agricultural system, to name a few. These changes call for extension workers to constantly change and adapt to the changes happening in their world of work in order to best assist farmers in addressing their challenges. Despite a large amount of research being conducted in different areas of agricultural extension, such as the training needs and requirements of extension workers, challenges facing agricultural extension, reforms in extension systems, and gender inequalities in extension, little work has focused on how their teaching and learning roles are changing. This study thus takes an in-depth look at the teaching and learning roles of agricultural extension workers. The study starts by conceptualising the agricultural extension occupation using the five dimensions of an occupation proposed by Shalem and Allais (2018) to unpack the different factors within each occupation and how these can impact the teaching and learning roles of agricultural extension workers. The results of the study provide an understanding of why occupations are social and political activities that are affected by a number of factors and are always undergoing changes. Studying changes in occupations is critical, as it enables us to understand changes in the world of work and how workers in the workplace adapt to work-related changes.
Investigating teachers’ experiences of support for learners with hearing impairment at a special school in Pretoria
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023-10) Molala, Lesetja Johannes; Mokala, Ntsoaki T.
This inquiry explored teachers' experiences of support for learners with hearing impairment (HI) in a special school in Pretoria. Through a qualitative approach, data were collected and analysed to better understand teachers' experiences in providing appropriate instruction and support to learners with HI. Thus, using the interpretivism paradigm to inquire about the teachers support experiences for learners with HI was a logical step. I used Florian’s' theory of inclusive pedagogy to interpret the findings and draw conclusions I used qualitative methods such as interviews to collect data. A purposeful selection of participants was made to ensure the research questions were answered adequately. Thereafter, semi-structured interviews were conducted to understand each participant's perspectives in the study sample of six teachers. The interview schedule was designed to allow reflection by participants into their unique teaching experiences openly and candidly, providing invaluable insight into the dynamics of the study sample. All conversations were recorded verbatim to ensure accuracy. The recordings of the conversations were then transcribed for further analysis. This enabled me to easily recognise patterns and themes in the data. I then analysed the data to identify key themes and patterns. The findings revealed that teachers found the support they received instrumental in helping them effectively implement the curriculum and address classroom challenges. The study suggests that parents are actively involved in their children’s education which benefits all involved. In addition, the school must update its language policy to ensure that learners with HI receive instruction in sign language. Therefore, it is recommended that the school revise its language policy to incorporate sign language as a language of teaching and learning to promote learner success. To create an inclusive and equitable learning environment for all and ensure that learners with HI are supported, this policy should also be extended to include sign language in the classroom.
Developing Visual Literacy in the English Home Language Classroom Using a Documentary on Wildlife Conservation
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023-10) Terblanche, Elizabeth Maria; Moodley, Visvaganthie
Visual literacy is considered as a set of analytical visual competencies that are developed through the seeing as the same time as experiencing other sensorial exposure (IVLA Conference, 1969). An increasingly visual world (Hill Bulman, 2017) demands for increasingly visual literate individuals. Current technological developments have subsequently led to the fast production of complicated, dynamic verbal, musical and visual texts. Such ensembles penetrate the lives of learners and yet national visual literacy High stakes assessments display a remaining repetitive nature of text-based sources – a preference some have argued to filter through to visual literacy teaching practices as well (Moodley, 2015). Present visual literacy research in education stresses the demand for visual literacy as a critical analytical skill (Matusiak, Heinbach, Harper & Bovee, 2019), however, little research refocuses the consideration of text choice in the teaching thereof. Documentary film is a text source included by the curriculum in the outcome of reading and viewing. As a text, documentary film arranges meaning-making tools: speech, music, images and more to organize viewer perceptibility. Through an interplay of information, account, feeling and imagination (Bondebjerg, 2014b) filmmakers of this genre create multi-sensorial experiences (van Munster & Sylvest, 2013). Although a form of diegesis, a documentary film remains fundamentally committed to the portrayal of truthfulness (McLane, 2012), however, it remains a re-representation of events. Such re-representations are powerful in their display (Bondebjerg, 2014b; Nichols, 2010) and McLane (2012) argues that such exclusive influence is accomplished through employing the following: 1) subjects and ideologies; 2) purpose, viewpoint, and approach; 3) forms; 4) production methods and techniques; 5) the experience they offer. Not only are documentaries the fastest growing genre (Torres, 2022) but they are also uniquely manipulatory – reasoning it as a vital text to include in the teaching of visual literacy. Through a qualitative content analysis, this study will show how visual literacy can be developed through a documentary on wildlife conservation. Subsequently, it indicates how non-speech sound is incorporated in the overall promotion of the documentary’s message and how verbal and visual aspects are used as rhetoric. The work hopes to add to the field of language learning and qualitative content analysis. In addition, it hopes to contribute to the academic study of meaning-making in filmic productions and the expansion of visual literacy text inclusion.
Affordances of Digital Simulations in Training Wastewater Treatment Practicals for Process Controllers in Technical Vocational Education and Training Institutions
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023-11) Maluleke, Makhawukani Xilavi Dawn; Mbatha, Khanyisile; Ndlovu, Nokulunga S.
In South Africa, Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions train process controllers in various training programmes that rely on on-the-job training at wastewater treatment plants. TVET institutions are urged to include ICT into all training practises, which may necessitate curriculum updates and adjustments. The aim of this study determined how the WEST simulator can be used to enhance practical training for wastewater process controllers. This study followed a qualitative research approach and a thematic data analysis technique. In their perceptions, the participants recognised the teaching and learning affordances of the simulator such as replication of the process overview and problem-solving abilities. The study found that the participants were able to construct a comprehensive WWTP utilising WEST simulation, indicating that the affordances can be replicated and designed in actual situations. Although the WEST simulator offers various affordances, this research found a few minor limitations with its use, such as the computer requirements, which required a RAM speed of 1500 MHz Based on the findings, it is recommended that facilitators should have skills and knowledge in the field to perceive affordances, and their existence and to actualise them to apply them in practical training online.
Teachers’ Understanding, Adoption, and Implementation of the Montessori Method in Selected Montessori Schools in Gauteng, South Africa
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023-08) Gorgieva, Ruzhica; Bagus, Rashad; Aloka, Peter
This research study explored how Montessori teachers understand, adopt, and implement the Montessori Method in a South African context. To these ends the study examined the teachers’ understanding of the Montessori Method and their role in the Method, how they implement the Method in their practice, and the psycho-social factors which influenced them to adopt alternative practices. A framework of five authentic Montessori principles were outlined which served as a lens to examine and determine the teachers’ subjective understanding, adoption, and implementation of these five principles of the Montessori Method. The study adopted an interpretative paradigm and a qualitative multiple-case approach was utilised. This involved the use of data collection methods as semi-structured interviews and observations of 14 pre-primary Montessori teachers, from six private Montessori schools in Gauteng, South Africa. The findings revealed that the teachers have a comprehensive understanding of the Montessori Method and their understanding of their role in the Method did not differ from Montessori’s role descriptions. However, it was found that despite their comprehensive understanding of the Method, the teachers adopted practices which were not congruent with the Montessori Method. The reasons for the adoption of these noncongruent practices included their disagreement with Montessori’s ideas, beliefs, financial constraints, parental demands, and quite importantly, the children’s disruptive behaviour. It is recommended that Montessori schools should provide parents with clear indication about their adherence to Maria Montessori’s practices, and should reveal whether the employed teachers are trained in the Montessori Method. Further recommendations include parental education about the nature of the authentic Montessori Method, to assist them in making the correct decision regarding their children’s education.
Identities and Language Learners: A Case Study of English Language Learners in Saudi Arabia
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023-08) Satardien, Sameer; Fouche, Illse; Mendelowitz, Belinda
This study has been conducted in order to ascertain the ways in which learning English may impact the identities of Saudi Arabian learners. Few studies have concentrated on identity in English language learning by Arabic-speaking students and learners living in an Arabic-speaking country. The study addressed this gap by considering how Arabic-speaking native learners learning English view and construct their identities. It employed Norton‟s (2000, 2013) sociocultural view of identity as fluid and evolving over time. The study also used Taylor‟s (2010) quadripolar model of selves. The research is based on a qualitative case study approach. The data were gathered via two online interviews and two narrative texts from three male participants and two narrative writing texts from two female participants. Data triangulation was ensured to attain trustworthiness. The data provided interesting results, showing that my participants presented shifting and bicultural identities. Furthermore, the study showed how some of my participants fell into Taylor‟s (2010) model and shifted between selves. It indicated that my participants‟ identities were not static, but instead evolved based on the situations they found themselves in. The study also revealed my participants‟ positive and negative experiences when learning English; and how they stayed motivated owing to their high level of investment and agency in learning English. The limitations of the study were the short time period for data collection as well as the constraints of the Covid-19 lock-down. I also had to conduct all interviews on Zoom and correspond with my participants via WhatsApp. In addition, owing to restrictions placed by the participants‟ school, I could not conduct any video interviews, or record the interviews. The chief recommendation derived from the study is that teachers should foster an inclusive learning environment in which students feel free to express their identities and interests. In addition, gender dynamics in a classroom should be considered, as should the dimension of affect in language learning in a Saudi Arabian context. This area of research would benefit from further research exploring and ascertaining whether online affinity groups could be included in curricula in a Saudi Arabian English-learning context.
Izibongo zeSilo uGoodwill Zwelithini Zulu: Kuhlaziywa Amasu Ezinyosi uNtulizempi Dlamini noBuzetsheni Mdletshe Okuveza Impilo Nomlando WeSilo
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023-11) Moremi, Ignatius Mbongeni; Ntombela, Sipho Albert
Nakuba ubukhosi bakwaZulu bugqame ngamaKhosi oSelwa amaningi aseke ahola isizwe samaZulu kodwa kubukeka kugqoza ukuhlaziywa kwezibongo zamanye amaKhosi oSelwa. Maningi amaKhosi oSelwa ezingakahlaziywa izibongo zawo. Ngaleyo ndlela kuningi okungavezwanga mayelana namanye amaKhosi oSelwa mayelana nezinselelo abhekana nazo nanokuthi azinqoba kanjani lezo zinselelo. Lolu cwaningo beluhlose ukuhlaziya ukuthi izinyosi ezimbili uNtulizempi Dlamini noBuzetsheni Mdletshe zisebenzisa maphi amasu ezibongweni zeSilo ukuveza umlando nempilo yeSilo. Kulolu cwaningo kusetshenziswe izinjulalwazi ezintathu - injulalwazi eyaziwa i-orality approach, i-interpretive approach kanye ne-stylistic approach, idatha yase ihlaziywa nge-Thematic Content Analysis. Imiphumela yocwaningo iveza ukuthi izinyosi zisebenzisa isu lokuboleka ezibongweni zeNkosi uShaka ngenhloso yokuveza ukuthi indlela eya ebukhosini inezinselelo kangakanani, isu lokuxova izigameko ukuze umuntu olalele izibongo alalelisise, isu lokuphinda isigameko sokubalekela kwaMahlangu kweSilo uZwelithini ukugqamisa ubunzima esabhekana nabo, isu lokudalula izigameko kanye nabantu abathwesa iSilo ubunzima ngenhloso yokugqamisa isigameko esazwisa iSilo ubuhlungu, isu lokudalula amagama abantu abasiza iSilo ngenhloso yokuvezela isizwe ukuthi akuwona wonke amalunga aseNdlunkulu namalunga omphakathi ayephikisana nezinhloso zeSilo, isu lokuhlekisa ngabantu abathile ngenhloso yokwenza izigameko ezithile zingasuki kalula emiqondweni yabantu, isu lokusebenzisa umqondo osobalo ngenhloso yokungafihli izigameko ezithile, isu lokusebenisa umqondo ocashile ngenhloso yokufihla ezinye izigameko ezingafaka abanye abantu enkingeni, isu lokudalula isigameko sokubalekela kwaMahlangu kweSilo ukugqamisa ubuhlakani beSilo, isu lokudalula ukuthi iSilo sabhekana kanjani nabantu ababephikisana naso, isu lokusebenzisa umqondo ocashile ongajwayelekile ukuveza impumelelo yeSilo ekuholeni isizwe samaZulu kanye nesu lokungathekisa iSilo ngezilwane zasekhaya, izilwane zasendle nokunye.
Online learning instructional design facilitating participation, engagement, and interaction at a Higher Educational Institution in South Africa
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2022-07) Monyau, Thabiso Rantoana Ivan; Ndlovu, Nokulunga Sithabile
Online learning is now a practical alternative to traditional methods of instruction for access to education. This mode of instructional delivery comes with adaptations in both teaching and learning, and it demands stable access to digital resources and technological skills. Universities in developing countries like South Africa are still striving to adopt and adapt to new ways of providing education due to lack of capacity and shortage of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure. This study aimed to investigate what informs the online learning instructional design of two online courses offered in a South African university to facilitate students’ and facilitators’ Participation, engagement, and Interaction (PEI). The inductive approach was used to collect and analyse data for this study that adopted case-study research strategy. Facilitator interviews, document analyses, and questionnaires issued to students were used as research instruments. The findings suggested that, the way in which the instruction is designed for online learning determines students’ and facilitators’ PEI, and students’ and facilitators’ PEI impact directly on the learning outcomes. Students’ and facilitators’ PEI also redirect learning to social activity of knowledge construction. On this basis, learning communities, collaboration and discussion play a pivotal role in facilitating students’ and facilitators’ PEI for online courses. Feedback and reflection were found as excellent ways to facilitate students’ and facilitators’ PEI that encourage the sharing of knowledge.” However, learner isolation remains a challenge, especially with large online classes and students that lack technological background.

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