Electronic Theses and Dissertations (Masters)

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10539/37931

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

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    Evaluation of knowledge, attitudes, and practice of basic life support among laypersons
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2022-05) Ihwo, Michael Ibanbeteliehe; Botha, Martin; Sofola-Orukotan, Sunday Oladapo
    Background: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) constitutes a significant public health challenge accounting for the majority of deaths globally. There is an improved chance of survival when bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is incorporated into the OHCA chain of survival. There is a paucity of local data on the knowledge, attitudes, and practice of basic life support (BLS) among laypersons. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practice of BLS among laypersons in a church community in Johannesburg, South Africa. Methods: This was a prospective descriptive cross-sectional study. A self-administered questionnaire was used among the convenience sample of 205 participants. Adult worshippers of a church in South Africa who were 18 years and above were included. The study was conducted between December 06, 2020, and March 28, 2021. Results: The mean ± SD age of the participants was 36.6 ± 12.6, with the majority of 128 (62.4%) below 40 years. There were 104 (50.7%) females and the males were 101 (49.3%). A total of 30 (14.6%) participants had previous CPR training. Only 24 (11.7%) respondents knew all the signs of cardiac arrest, while the signs for evaluating unconsciousness and absent respiration were correctly identified by 51 (24.9%) and 114 (55.6%) participants respectively. Knowledge of CPR practical application was generally poor. The proportion of subjects who identified the correct answers are reflected as follows: compression to ventilation ratio (15.6%), compression site (11.7%), compression rate (20%), compression depth (22.9%), how to determine the adequacy of artificial breathing (31.7%), the meaning of CPR (19.1%) and function of an automated external defibrillator (AED) (11.2%). About one-third (34.1%) of the participants reported that they can perform both chest compression and mouth-to-mouth ventilation. Previous CPR training was associated with better knowledge of BLS and confidence in responding to OHCA. Overall, most of the participants stated that they would perform CPR on family members and friends without hesitation than on strangers, while 74.6% indicated a willingness to learn CPR. Age and sex generally had no significant effect on the knowledge, attitude, and skills of BLS among the respondents. The most important barrier to performing CPR was the fear of making a mistake. Conclusion: This study reflected insufficient knowledge but positive attitudes with regard to the practice of CPR. Knowledge of BLS is better among those with previous CPR training. The fear of making a mistake was the biggest concern for why participants will be reluctant to provide CPR. Programs, campaigns, and training targeting different segments of the community/society may improve knowledge of bystander CPR/BLS.
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    Practices and outcomes of resuscitation in cardiac arrest at a South African Emergency Department
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2022-12) Martin, Cathryn Sarah; Lewis, Carolyn; Saffy, Patricia
    Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the patient and resuscitation factors affecting outcome after cardiac arrest in the low-middle income setting. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of patient’s aged ≥18 who experienced in-hospital cardiac arrest in the Emergency Department between January 2020 and December 2020 at a tertiary hospital. The data collection period included the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa. Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was the outcome of interest. The registry from which data was collected was audited. Results: 98 patients were included. The ROSC rate was 43%. Asystole was associated with poor outcomes (likelihood 7.73, p ≤0.01). Cardiac standstill on ultrasound was associated with poor outcome (likelihood ratio 6.559, p ≤0.01). There was a significant improvement in ROSC after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and a transition from airway management with bag-valve-mask to endotracheal intubation intra-arrest (p=0.04). Demographic factors, defibrillation and drug-use were found to have no significant impact. Conclusions: The resuscitation practices and outcomes in the low-middle income setting are similar to high-income settings. Further research on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on resuscitation outcomes in this setting is necessary.
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    Knowledge and attitude towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation by non-medical staff at a medical school in Gauteng
    (2024) Jarghon, Saeb
    Background: Sudden cardiac arrest can occur unexpectedly to any person and at any place including at medical schools. Improved outcomes after cardiac arrest are dependent on the initiation of early first responder high quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and rapid defibrillation. There is a lack of data pertaining to the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of non-medical staff at medical schools regarding CPR. Objective: To determine the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of non-medical staff at a medical school in South Africa regarding CPR. Methods: A paper-based questionnaire was administered to non-medical staff fulfilling inclusion criteria at the medical school. Data was collected between 01 August and 25 October 2020. Results: The final study sample comprised of 150 participants. Of these, 68.7% were female, 72.7% were ≤ 40 years old, 41.3% had a postgraduate university degree, 48.0% had witnessed a medical emergency at the medical school premises and 30.7% had previously undertaken first aid or CPR training. The mean knowledge score was 4.4 ± 1.6 out of 12 with only 16.7% knowing what was the first thing to look out for during a medical emergency and 18.7% knowing the location of the automated external defibrillator. Most participants (90.7%) indicated that CPR training should be mandatory for all employees. Conclusion: Non-medical staff surveyed displayed suboptimal knowledge but positive attitudes and perceptions towards CPR. Although this was a single centre study, these results can be used to motivate for CPR training of non-medical staff at all medical schools.