Research Outputs (Oral Health Sciences)
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Item Cemento-enamel junction variability within the mouth(1988) Grossman, E. S.; Hargreaves, J. A.Item Seal development and composition at amalgam-ceramic interfaces after NaCl and Na2S storage(1987) Jodaikin, A.; Grossman, E. S.; Witcomb, M. J.Item Social class and dental caries in 11-12-year-old South African schoolchildren(1989) Cleaton-Jones, P.; Hargreaves, J. A.; Williams, S. D. L.; et al.The objective of this study was to examine effects of social class on dental caries in five African populations. Definitions of social class that could be used for the different ethnic groups are outlined. A total of 1 154 children from rural black, urban black, urban Indian, urban coloured and urban white groups were clinically examined and classified into social class by parental occupations. Within group comparisons showed no statistically significant differences in DMFT or DMFS scores by social class. Comparison of the urban white children to a similar group in South Wales showed slightly lower caries in South African children of similar social class. The complexity of the different ethnic groups in South Africa, in respect of social classification, is difficult to assess for comparison with social systems in developed countries. It is recommended that an appropriate social classification be developed for South Africa ’s developed/developing population mixture. Also as we enter the 1990’s sound baseline caries data need to be collected for longitudinal evaluation of changes in the disease patternItem Seal development and composition at amalgam-ceramic interfaces after NaC1 and Na2S storage(1987) Jodaikin, A; Grossman, ES; Witcomb, MJChlorine and sulphur -.have been found in the marginal seal of some tooth-amalgam interfaces . Although the role of Cl in the sealing process is relatively well established the role of S remains more obscure. The purpose of the present study was to compare the sealing properties and elemental composition of the seal formed at the interface of amalgams placed in ceramic cavities and stored in either a 10% NaCl or 10% Na2S aqueous solution. This investigation undertaken in a simple controlled environment, devoid of complex oral influences, would clarify the role that these two elements play in the sealing process at amalgam-tooth interfaces within the mouth.Item Depth and area of dental erosions, and dental caries, in bulimic women(Sage Pub, 1989) Jones, R. R. H.; Cleaton-Jones, P.Dental caries and the severity (depth) and area of erosions of tooth substance were studied in 11 bulimic subjects and 22 matched controls. Erosions were seen in 69% of the bulimics' teeth and in only 7% of the controls' (p less than 0.001). Depth of penetration was greater in the bulimics, extending even into the pulp, and the area of erosion was also larger. Scores for dental caries were higher in bulimics (mean DMFS 27.9, median 36) than in controls (mean DMFS 19.1, median 13.5), although the difference was not statistically significant. This study suggests that when erosions are present on the lingual surfaces of maxillary anterior teeth, as well as on the buccal surfaces of maxillary canines, premolars, and maxillary incisors, a diagnosis of bulimia is likely. Patients with these signs should be referred for medical help.Item Primary fixation of vervet monkey oral epithelium for SEM and TEM(1987) Grossman, E. S.Vervet monkey attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa was used to investigate the effect of primary fixative composition and osmolarity on the scanning electron microscope appearance and epithelial cell surface feature density. Primary fixation was obtained using 12 different fixatives with osmolarities varying between 320-2010mOsm followed by further standard SEM processing procedures. All primary fixatives investigated produced acceptably fixed oral epithelium for SEM study, showing all the morphologic features characteristic of either keratinized or non-keratinized oral tissue. Point counting revealed that the density of microvilli of attached gingiva epithelial cells when fixed at 2010mOsm was 72 +/- 8% of the cell surface area. This decreased to 40 +/- 5% when fixed at 320mOsm. Similarly the microplication density of the alveolar mucosa epithelial cells decreased from 70 +/- 5% at 2010mOsm to 43 +/- 7% at 320mOsm. Both these differences proved to be highly significantItem Hypocalcification and hypoplasia in primary teeth of pre-school children from different ethnic groups in South Africa(1989) Hargreaves, J. A.; Cleaton-Jones, P. E.; Roberts, G. J.; Et alA study was completed in 1985/86 which examined the dental health of pre-school children from different ethnic groups and communities in South Africa: rural black, urban black, urban colored, urban Indian, and urban white. Enamel defects were recorded in primary teeth by use of the HHI, an index developed to measure hypocalcification and hypoplasia of enamel. The findings showed that colored children had the greatest number of enamel defects. The teeth most commonly affected were the maxillary anterior teeth and mandibular molar teeth. It is suggested that further epidemiological studies utilizing the HHI should be undertaken in pre-school children, especially from developing countries, to gain more information on the causes of enamel defects in the primary dentition and the possible use of such findings to predict nutritional health of individuals.Item Hypocalcification and hypoplasia in permanent teeth of children from different ethnic groups in South Africa assessed with a new index(1989) Hargreaves, J. A.; Cleaton-Jones, P. E.; Williams, S. D. L.A new descriptive index, the HHI (hypocalcification-hypoplasia index), is described for comparing enamel defects in groups of people. The index was used in a study completed in 1986, in which 1251 11-year-old children from different ethnic groups resident in South Africa were examined: 210 rural black, 203 urban black, 206 urban colored, 426 urban Indian, and 206 urban white. The index can be used as a screening examination, and the results from these different ethnic groups are presented.Item Hard tissue barrier formation in pulpotomized monkey teeth capped with cyanoacrylate or calcium hydroxide for 10 and 60 minutes(1987) Cvek, M.; Granath, L.; Cleaton-Jones, P.; Et alMonkey incisor teeth were pulpotomized in groups of 10. After physiological hemostasis, the pulps of group I were covered with isobutyl cyanoacrylate, and those of groups II and III with calcium hydroxide for 10 and 60 minutes, respectively, whereafter this compound was washed away and the wound surfaces covered with Teflon. In group IV, calcium hydroxide was used as a positive control, and Teflon as a negative control in group V. The animals were killed after 12 weeks and the teeth removed in tissue blocks. The material was processed and evaluated histologically with respect to location and continuity of a hard tissue barrier, type of newly formed hard tissue, state of the pulp, and presence of stainable bacteria in the coronal cavity. Seven of nine teeth in group I showed a hard tissue barrier. The corresponding figure for group II was eight out of 10 teeth. All teeth in groups III and IV had a barrier. The incidence of a continuous barrier increased from group I through group IV, as did the incidence of its location below the level of the original wound surface. The condition of the pulp was related to the presence of bacteria and the continuity of the barrier to the presence of inflammation. There was no bridging in group V. The results support the theory that a low-grade irritation is responsible for the formation of a hard tissue barrier in exposed pulps.Item Temperature variations around periodontal pathological lesions(1987) Volchansky, A.; Cleaton-Jones, P.