Electronic Theses and Dissertations (Masters)

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Browsing Electronic Theses and Dissertations (Masters) by Keyword "Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)"

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    A retrospective audit of the cytogenetic profile and management outcome in Acute Myeloid Leukemia patients treated at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital (2017 - 2021)
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2022) Mpanza, Mbongi V.; Ruff, P.
    Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogenous blood cancer that affects the non- lymphoid lineage. It is a most common acute leukemia in adults. The worldwide incidence is relatively low with inordinately high cancer mortality. The recent advances done by on-going research has elevated our understanding of cytogenetic and abnormalities associated with AML. This understanding further aids in stratifying AML patients into favourable, intermediate, and poor prognosis groups. However, despite these insights into disease, patient outcome often remains poor. In this review, we discuss findings in AML at CMJAH, with particular focus into cytogenetic profile and molecular gene mutations. These recurrent genetic alterations provide novel insights into the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, and outcome of these patients. These alterations play a major role in prognosticating the outcome in AML and are also important in developing novel therapies. The most common type of AML, called de novo AML, occurs sporadically with no prior history of underlying myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) or exposure to potentially leukaemogenic therapies or agents. The less common is secondary AML which has poorer prognosis and is define as any leukemic process which may arise from previous haematological disorder like MDS, NPM or can be a result of prior cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiation therapy (t-AML).T-AML is defined as AML that develops from prior cytotoxic drugs, radiation or immunosuppressive agents which was given for unrelated illness. T-AML accounts for 7%-8% of all AML and is known to have a dismal outcome with an adverse cytogenetic and molecular profile. To our current knowledge there is no local study that has previously analysed t-AML in detail hence this study may provide such critical data.