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Browsing Wits Business School (ETDs) by SDG "SDG-17: Partnerships for the goals"
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Item Influence of external funders on social enterprise business models: a causation-effectuation exploratory study(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2021) Njenge, Yandisa Lusapho; Myres, Kerrin; Terri CarmichaelSocial entrepreneurship research is a growing research field, growth that can also be seen in the practice of social entrepreneurship. Dominant literature in the field focuses on the definition of social entrepreneurship and the traits of the social entrepreneur and does not look deeply at social entrepreneurship practices and interactions with other institutions. To address these shortcomings in research, this study systematically analyses the dominant definitions of social entrepreneurship and proposes an all-encompassing definition. The study also focuses on the interaction between social enterprises and external funders, exploring how social enterprises implement business models and the influence that external funders have on the business model implementation. A qualitative study was used to answer the research questions by exploring the business model implementation in ten case studies. A total of 26 respondents were interviewed as founding social entrepreneurs, internal staff members or external funders. The study relied on theoretical propositions from the literature review to analyse the data inductively and this process resulted in within-case themes. Further analysis of the within-case themes resulted in five cross-case themes. What was of interest was how operating in a resource-constrained environment impacts business model implementation. The ten case studies interviewed displayed structured or causal mechanisms in implementing their business models, which differs from the view that social entrepreneurs are effectual in behaviour. A theoretical framework with five propositions is put forward by this study. The theoretical framework propositions are: Social enterprises operate in resource-constrained environments and rely on external funding from inception. Social enterprises in resource-constrained environments approach external funders that do not expect a financial return. Social enterprises in resource-constrained environments implement business model dimensions that will lead to the achievement of the social mission. Externally funded social enterprises implement their business models in a causal manner. External funders not expecting financial returns apply limited influence on the business models of the social enterprises they fund. In accordance with the findings of this study, some suggestions for future research are put forward.Item Motivations for Individual Giving among Ghanaians(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023) Owusu-Ansah, Matilda; Moyoi, BhekinkosiThe primary objective of this thesis was to investigate the motivations for individual giving of money, gifts and time to other individuals and organisations among Ghanaians. Previous studies in Europe, America, Asia and South Africa show that individuals are the main source of immediate and long-term support to other individuals and organisations. However, research into the factors that motivate different giving types to individuals and organisations among Ghanaians is almost non-existent. Therefore, this study investigated extrinsic and intrinsic motivations influencing giving decisions by Ghanaians. Specifically, the thesis considered the demographic and psychographic factors influencing individual giving. The demographic factors include personal and socio-economic characteristics, and the psychographics includes behavioural and attitudinal factors that influence giving. The study identified gender, age and household size as the significant demographic factors, while financial constraints, egoism, giving back, social norms, religion, social justice, trust, and emotions are the significant behavioural and attitudinal factors influencingGhanaian giving. The research obtained primary data by surveying a diverse sample population of 720 respondents and conducting semi-structured interviews with 21 Ghanaians. The binary logistic regression model applied to measure the predictive ability of the demographic and psychographic factors on the three related behaviours of giving money, giving gift items, and volunteering suggests that the significant demographics influencing giving, among Ghanaians are gender, age, household size, number of children, education, ethnicity, religion and marital status. While the significant psychographics influencing giving behaviours are financial constraints, egoism, giving back, social norms, social justice, trust, and emotions.This study adopted the motivational domains of the Self Determination Theory and suggested that the motivation to give is a transition and overlaps from not being able or willing to give, through socially reward-seeking and punishment-avoiding actions to genuine concern for others’ welfare. The main contribution of this study to theory and knowledge is the adaptation and application of the Self Determination Theory in the Ghanaian context and identifying the different variables that influence the giving decision among Ghanaians. In addition, the identified factors are useful to organisations and groups that seek to motivate individual giving and involvement in community, group or national philanthropic and charity activitiesItem The digital transformation of the democratic election process: benefits and challenges(2023) Scheepers, HendrickInformation Communication Technology (ICT) has been recognised as a key enabler for the transformation of government service delivery objectives. The adoption of technological innovation by government institutions ultimately leads to significant improvements in the lives of broader society. There are compelling deliberations for and against the digital transformation of electoral process. Electronic-voting (e-voting) has been successfully adopted in counties like Brazil and India however research also illustrate Ireland and Netherland has subsequently cancelled e-voting initiates. This study explores the acceptance of technology by utilizing the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). This study amplify the UTAUT model by adding two additional constructs trust in technology (TT) and security expectancy (SE). The study secondary emphasis was to ascertain the correlation between predictor variables and behavioural intent (BI) to adopt e-voting .The outcome established there exist a significant coefficient path between the independent and dependent variable for effort expectancy (EE), social influence (SI), security expectancy (SE), and trust in technology (TT). The outcomes for performance expectancy (PE) does not illustrate significant coefficient correlation. A quantitative research approach was undertaken by using a cross-sectional research design. A fully structured closed questionnaire was developed from existing literature and distributed to participants via the internet. The information was collected from 140 participants which were further calculated by means of regression techniques, which supported this study research hypotheses. The study further recommends future research take into consideration the influence of the digital divide on the adoption of e-voting in the South Africa context. Establish a task team that is led by industry leaders who have successfully led transformation processes. This could be achieved through the creation of information-sharing sessions with broader society about the challenges and opportunities that the digital transformation process presents. Voter education drives could also offer experiential campaigns that illustrate the iii C2 General benefits of e-voting and how society can benefit from the transformation process.