Wits Business School (ETDs)
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Browsing Wits Business School (ETDs) by SDG "SDG-15: Life on land"
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Item A small-scale sustainable farm in Tlapeng, Kagisano Molopo Municipality, North-West Province(University of the Witswatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023) Parkins, Lorato; Moyo, BhekinkosiThis project focuses on the establishment of a small farm business venture in Tlapeng Village, a rural area in Northwest Province, to explore market opportunities and promote social empowerment. By employing sustainable farming practices, the project seeks to enhance the socio-economic conditions of the community. Through a thorough assessment of market dynamics and consumer preferences in Kagisano Molopo, the project examines market demand, competitive landscapes, and consumer preferences. This analysis aids in identifying potential customers and developing unique selling propositions and understanding distribution channels and exploring niche markets, effective marketing strategies can be devised to gain market share. The project emphasizes the impact of a small farm business venture on social empowerment and business sustainability and highlights the key contributors to social empowerment, including bridging the knowledge gap, optimizing human resources, providing training and education programs, generating employment opportunities, ensuring access to healthy food, and fostering collaboration with the local community. These initiatives not only improve individuals' livelihoods but also foster a sense of community and overall well-being.Item Challenges and enablers of a strong and sustainable junior coal mining sector in South Africa(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2022-09) Leteane, Festus Puso; Goerge, JamesThe South African coal mining industry produces about 250million tonnes per annum, for the domestic and export markets. The industry is dominated by the major coal producers, with the top five producers producing about 80% of the coal in the country. It has few mid-tier producers and junior miners. The SA junior coal mining sector is mostly made up of single asset operating mines, located in the Witbank Coalfields, in Mpumalanga Province, and a few in the KwaZulu Natal province, mining anthracitic coal. The SA junior coal mining sector is fragmented, stagnant and not sustainable in its current form. Most of the junior coal miners are operating surface mining operations which require less upfront capital and are not costly to operate as compared to the underground operations. This study aims to understand the deep underlying issues that contribute to the challenges facing this sector, as well as the key enablers for a sustainable junior coal mining sector in SA. In the first objective, we investigated the challenges facing the sector, as well as their underlying root causes. In the second and third objectives, we established the key enablers and a roadmap necessary for a sustainable junior coal mining sector in SA. The literature highlighted the lack of enabling mineral policy as an underlying root cause of the challenges facing the sector. However, the study revealed that, the lack of access to funding remains the persistent and main challenge facing the sector as lot of effort has gone into improving the mineral policy, and the lack of execution in the process of policy implementation remains an obstacle to unlocking the key enablers of a sustainable junior coal mining sector in SA.Item Implementation of Social and Labour Plans within the Mining Industry in South Africa(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023) Bambo, Lepelle Lovedaliah; Olaleye, OluwoleThe research study explored the implementation of Social and Labour Plans (SLPs) within the mining industry in South Africa, with a specific focus on the challenges of collaborative governance and planning. The research focused on Govan Mbeki andDipaleseng municipal areas within the Gert Sibande District in the Mpumalanga Province. The study found that mining companies did not collaboratively identify, design and implement the SLPs with community stakeholders within the stipulated timeframe and budget as per the Mining Charter. There has been clear responsibility shifting among stakeholders, with little understanding of what the SLPs are, absence of collaborative governance and planning, and lack of monitoring and evaluation of SLPs by the Department of Mineral Resources and Energy (DMRE). Based on the above-mentioned findings, the study recommends that (i) the mining companies should consult and share approved SLPs with mine communities, traditional leaders and other relevant stakeholders during the Integrated Development Planning consultation process; (ii) mining houses/mining rights holders should provide feedback to community stakeholders on progress of SLP project implementation, challenges and collaboratively work on proposed amendments of SLPs where applicable; (iii) DMRE should develop a monitoring and evaluation system to assess the implementation of the SLPs in partnership with relevant municipalities; (iv) DMRE should facilitate roadshows in affected mining communities to educate and empower communities about SLPs, the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (MPRDA), the Mining Charter and the Mining Charter implementation guidelinesItem Perceived barriers to digitalization by small-scale farmers Gauteng Province(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2022) Choguya, DonaldDigitalization in the fourth industrial revolution era has transformed many industries across the board. However, there are some that have been affected more than the others as depicted in the digital vortex. Lagging is the agricultural sector. This study was a quantitative research study that utilized a sample of 40 small-scale farmers to be representative of the Gauteng Province small-scale farmers. The research related the perceived barriers to digitalization and its impact to the agricultural activities of small-scale farmers in Gauteng Province. The data was analysed using the multiple regression analysis and correlation coefficient. Analysis of the results showed a massive gap between small-scale farmers and commercial farmers on the adoption of digitalization. Further analysis indicated that small-scale farmers were less likely to be impacted by digitalization to adopt technological utilization. It was also found that small-scale farmers were contributors to food production. Finally, it was also discovered that small-scale farmers were less established to adapt and adopt to digitalization in their agricultural activities due to various barriers. The recommendations were that there was need to do more research to find ways to bridge the gap to digitalization between small-scale farmers in Gauteng Province and commercial farmers. So that small-scale farmers in Gauteng Province especially the small-scale farmers in rural areas could also be exposed to the digitalization of operations to enable them to improve production.Item The sustainability reporting practice of the South African mining industry: community perspectives(2020) Memela, Nomathemba MelodySeveral studies have been conducted to understand the contribution of the private sector to the global mission of Sustainable Development through the examination of the Sustainability Reporting practice of these actors. However, the accuracy and effectiveness of this now prevalent business practice as a reflection of true company sustainability activities and performance on the ground is still in question globally. Previous work has investigated this contribution and reporting practice through examining the secondary data of company sustainability reports as a basis, and has failed to look at it from the point of view of the external stakeholders on the ground, at whom the sustainability contribution as well as the reporting practice is normally targeted. Studies and literature in this area has also focused on the developed world, and less so on the developing world, mostly polarised, and most in need of sustainable development. To close this gap, this study focused on the lived experiences of key community stakeholders in order to bring to light and investigate the primary evidence of sustainability on the ground. Anchoring the research enquiry in the socio-political Stakeholder and Legitimacy theories as the dominant theoretical underpinnings of the sustainability reporting (SR) practice, a qualitative inductive case study of two South African mining communities where two different mining company operations are located was carried out. Primary data was collected through semi-structured interviews as the basis of the analysis process, where the analytical strategy of grounded theory was employed. After which, relevant secondary data was collected from respective company sustainability reports to enable a counter analysis. The findings of the study confirmed a lack of accuracy and consistency between the sustainability reporting of these mining companies and the sustainability reality experience of community stakeholders on the ground. The most basic impacts of mining still remained in the two study settings, disparities were found in how these were reported by the mining companies, and misalignment in the understanding of what constitutes mining impacts and therefore what informs the sustainability priorities of the settings. The engagement of community stakeholders by the mine was found to be poor, with engagement dynamics described as lacking and ineffective. Stark power asymmetries were found in the relationships amongst various stakeholders with the mining companies. Furthermore, the construction and management of mining legitimacy in the two settings was not inclusive of community stakeholders. As a result, only some legal legitimacy existed, social legitimacy of mining was found to be glaringly absent. The overall conclusion of the study was that the SR practice of these companies was found to be lacking. The applicability of the two dominant theories that generally underpin the practice of SR was found to be insufficient in describing the practice of these cases in a developing country setting. Unique structural conditions resulting from South Africa’s apartheid and colonial past, its neo-liberal political economy contributes to this and undermines genuine commitment to sustainability. Evidence suggests an important applicability of institutional theory in this setting. There is also a need to look into indigenous theories for a more culturally-relevant and human-centred approach required in such a developing country setting.Item The impact of environmental management practices in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2022) Madikizela, ZolisaThe research study appraises the effectiveness of the environmental management practices deployed at the Umbogintwini Industrial Complex (UIC) to manage historic and present environmental pollution that is the result of industrial activities over the past 100 years. The study was conducted at the African Explosives and Chemical Industries (AECI) site in the UIC located approximately 25 kilometres (km) south of Durban in KwaZulu Natal (KZN). In the UIC, AECI, its subsidiaries, and other businesses leasing property inside the UIC (tenants) have manufactured, stored, and supplied a wide range of industrial chemicals since 1907. The study uses a qualitative case study research methodology and explores the views of internal stakeholder i.e. AECI employees and external stakeholders’ i.e. tenants and other stakeholders regarding the effectiveness of environmental management practices deployed on site. A total of 25 participants were interviewed for this study. The interviews were done in person and some Via Teams Meetings. The theoretical and conceptual lenses that the study used include the concept of sustainability, green manufacturing, resource-based view theory and institutional theory. The overall findings of this study revealed that AECI personnel, Consultants and Regulators that are involved in the implementation of environmental management practices are aware of the environmental management practices and strongly committed to implement the practices, while the NPOs and communities around the site are wanting in environmental awareness. The study also shows that AECI’s environmental practices are not sufficiently recorded, making it harder to track and improve on them in the long run. As a result, the study proposes that the AECI should build a secure digital data management system that will aid in the keeping of records, the analysis of data, the creation of follow-up schedules, and the flagging of non- compliance, among other things. Moreover, the findings of this study support the value of sustainable development and green manufacturing as a means of investigating how environmental management practices can be implemented effectively in South Africa’s industrial complexes as this is the key finding that distinguishes the UIC. Furthermore, this study recommends that future studies assess the environmental management techniques used at other industrial complexes in South Africa or other 5 developing countries to assess the sustainability of the current plans, relating them to green manufacturing in order to stimulate continuous development.