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Browsing *Wits School of Governance (ETDs) by SDG "SDG-5: Gender equality"
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Item Challenges Johannesburg non-governmental organisations face in the fight against gender-based violence(2022) Rwebangira, Annelies ByeraThe purpose of this research is to examine the challenges NGOs in Johannesburg face that hinder the fight against GBV, and to offer recommendations on how to overcome them so as to achieve greater success in their work. A qualitative methodology is used to obtain the findings of the research, with methods of semi-structured interviews and document analysis. The three main challenges facing NGOs dealing with GBV, according to Britton (2006) are shortages in funding, inadequate leadership, and inappropriate methods. This research interrogates these three challenge areas as they relate to GBV. The findings suggest that similar challenges still persist among NGOs as those pointed out by Britton. Shortage in funding is still the leading challenge facing NGOs. Inadequate leadership is continually observed in the form of the limited extent of collaboration of the NGOs with other stakeholders especially the government officials. Lastly, it builds upon the challenges associated with the methods carried out by the NGOs while implementing the strategies, i.e. they are hindered by harmful socio-cultural practices and ethical challenges while carrying out GBV research. In conclusion, the research suggests that NGOs should devise alternative means of securing additional funding, provide more training to enhance leadership, and design methods that are socially and culturally sensitive to the needs of the victims of GBV.Item Feminist evaluation: case study of graça machel trust women creating wealth programme(2022) Mokoena, RefilweFeminist evaluation assesses the value or merit of a policy, programme or other initiative with a focus on the gender-based inequality and its contribution to social injustice. Evaluation results and processes are then used to act and advocate for gender equality. Applying a feminist lens to evaluation increases the likelihood that systemic gender-based norms, beliefs and discrimination will be examined and addressed. This, in turn, can increase the evaluation’s utility as feminist evaluation approaches involve users in defining and addressing these norms. This study applied feminist evaluation principles to the Graça Machel Trust Women Creating Wealth (WCW) programme in Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania and Zambia, to examine how these principles affect the usefulness of the evaluation. The research used Alkin’s (2017) concept of the two categories of the Program Evaluation Utility Standards – those to do with the evaluation and those to do with the evaluator – to define utility. The study evaluated the WCW by employing the Most Significant Change approach, complemented by document review. The study’s research component included semi-structured key informant interviews with feminist evaluation experts, the WCW programme manager and a literature review. Results revealed the ways in which the two feminist principles contributed to the evaluation-related utility standards, namely attention to stakeholders and meaningful processes and products. Adding a feminist lens to the evaluation context analysis of the WCW programme made visible the gender norms and beliefs in the external environment as well as those demonstrated by the programme. This context review also brought to light the power dynamics within the programme. This information strengthened attention to more marginalized stakeholders, which increased the study’s utility. The use of feminist principles outlined the ways of knowing espoused by the WCW programme and showed that some ways of knowing and learning were privileged over others, even in an all-women initiative The use of feminist evaluation principles and the Most Significant incited some learning and reflection on feminist programming on the part of WCW staff. The full investigation into the evaluation’s utility remained underdeveloped, however, due to logistical and time constraints. This presents an opportunity for further and future research into the effect of feminist evaluation on evaluation utility in Africa.Item Inequality of opportunity in South Africa(2023) Booysen, Andrid AngeliqueRecent studies conducted in South Africa and other developing countries show that measuring the “unfair inequalities” in society (such as with income) that have an effect on one’s abilities to achieve certain outcomes, can assist in better understanding total inequality. Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) is the government agency that is responsible for measuring and reporting inequality in the country. The purpose of this research is to contribute in providing an alternative view on how Stats SA can measure and report inequality in South Africa. The study adopts the ex-ante view when measuring inequality of opportunity. Data used for the study was sourced from the Living Conditions Survey (LCS). The variables used in the study were divided into outcome, circumstance and effort. The outcome or dependent variable used for this research was individual income annualised and adjusted for inflation. Results from the study show that individual employment status, individual years of schooling, race, parental educational level and employment status, sex of individual at birth and place of residence had the biggest effect on individual income in South AfricaItem Institutional arrangements in the coordination of policies for gender equality(2020) Sobudula, ViweGender inequality is a challenge which has been inherited from the apartheid government in South Africa. The democratic government has through the establishment of various institutions such as the Department of Women, Youth and Persons with Disabilities (DWYPD) and the development of policies and laws made efforts to address gender inequalities, however, the problem still persists. The purpose of this study is to analyse how the DWYPD works with other government departments through institutional arrangements to coordinate policies for the promotion of gender equality/equity. The research found that although the DWYPD has an enabling environment for policy coordination, institutional arrangements are structurally and operationally weak. The study also found challenges such as unclear policy mandate, lack of legislative authority to coordination policies and poor communication and planning within the DWYPD for the institutional arrangements. The study gives insights into challenges faced by different departments and makes recommendations for better coordination and managementItem Investigating policy exclusion of heterosexual male perpetrators in the National Strategic Plan on Gender-based Violence and Femicide(University of the Witswatersrand, Johannesburg, 2024) Silaule, Nichole; Chikane, RekgotsofetseGender-based violence (GBV) is not a minor novel societal challenge occurring in certain pockets of society. It is a pervasive global social justice issue, which transcends race, class, religion and geographical location. The policy exclusion of heterosexual male perpetrators within national policy presents a barrier to curbing gender-based violence and promoting social cohesion. A broad knowledge base exists regarding the drivers and implications of gender-based violence, however, there is a disconnect between gender-based violence national policy and the subjects inflicting the violence. This research therefore aims to broaden the discussion on the polarised narrative of heterosexual male perpetrators in the gender-based violence policy environment. A qualitative methodological approach is utilised to analyse the National Strategic Plan on Gender- based Violence and Femicide report and two associated reports in relation to the role and reference of heterosexual male perpetrators. Thematic content analysis and interpretive phenomenological analysis of the reports and 15 semi-structured interviews with government officials, non-governmental organisations and subject matter experts are methods used in the research to enhance the understanding of the data gathered. The intersectionality theory and ecological framework form the analytical lens shaping the research, these theories form the intersecting ecological factors at play informing policy and the policy stakeholders who passively and actively influence gender-based violence policy decisions. The findings show that factors in national policy formulation provide exclusionary barriers to heterosexual male perpetrators. The target group is not prevalent in stakeholder participation in consultations, patriarchal ideologies remain intact shaping gender-based violence and femicide policy. Local grassroots consultations with specific focus on un-converted heterosexual male perpetrators in various locations need to be provided platform. Also, applying inclusive gender transformative approaches in policy formulation are key determinates to effective policy implementation and inclusion of all policy stakeholders. In conclusion, the meaningful insights on gender-based violence perpetration will guide both future research and policy initiatives driven by government officials, civil society and private stakeholders in South African society