Electronic Theses and Dissertations (PhDs)

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Browsing Electronic Theses and Dissertations (PhDs) by SDG "SDG-17: Partnerships for the goals"

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    Decentralisation in Cameroon and the Anglophones’ Struggle for Autonomy
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023) Epongo, Emmanuel Makia; Van Nieuwkerk, Anthoni
    In Cameroon, decentralisation was introduced in 1996 to promote development, democracy and good governance at the local level. However, decentralisation exacerbated conflicts between the Anglophone minority and the Francophone-majority government, resulting in a civil war in 2017. Therefore, this research explores how the implementation of decentralisation in the two Anglophone regions exacerbated conflicts between the Anglophone minority and the Francophone-majority government. Despite the growing literature on decentralisation and conflicts, very little research has been conducted on conflicts arising from former independent colonial territories that reunited under a federal system and later evolved to a decentralised unitary system, a shortcoming addressed by this research. This study used qualitative methodology and a case study design. The research was conducted at the Kumba and Bamenda city councils in the Southwest and Northwest regions, respectively. Participants were selected through purposive and snowball sampling techniques for semi-structured interviews. Data from interviews, observation and archival documents were merged and analysed through thematic analysis. The findings suggest that decentralisation in the Anglophone regions is more of deconcentration than devolution. Understanding how decentralisation increased intrastate conflict between the Anglophone minority and the Francophone-majority government could have a broader significance for researchers, governments and policymakers seeking to mitigate conflicts, particularly in Africa, with diverse societies prone to intrastate conflicts
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    Influence of external funders on social enterprise business models: a causation-effectuation exploratory study
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2021) Njenge, Yandisa Lusapho; Myres, Kerrin; Terri Carmichael
    Social entrepreneurship research is a growing research field, growth that can also be seen in the practice of social entrepreneurship. Dominant literature in the field focuses on the definition of social entrepreneurship and the traits of the social entrepreneur and does not look deeply at social entrepreneurship practices and interactions with other institutions. To address these shortcomings in research, this study systematically analyses the dominant definitions of social entrepreneurship and proposes an all-encompassing definition. The study also focuses on the interaction between social enterprises and external funders, exploring how social enterprises implement business models and the influence that external funders have on the business model implementation. A qualitative study was used to answer the research questions by exploring the business model implementation in ten case studies. A total of 26 respondents were interviewed as founding social entrepreneurs, internal staff members or external funders. The study relied on theoretical propositions from the literature review to analyse the data inductively and this process resulted in within-case themes. Further analysis of the within-case themes resulted in five cross-case themes. What was of interest was how operating in a resource-constrained environment impacts business model implementation. The ten case studies interviewed displayed structured or causal mechanisms in implementing their business models, which differs from the view that social entrepreneurs are effectual in behaviour. A theoretical framework with five propositions is put forward by this study. The theoretical framework propositions are: Social enterprises operate in resource-constrained environments and rely on external funding from inception. Social enterprises in resource-constrained environments approach external funders that do not expect a financial return. Social enterprises in resource-constrained environments implement business model dimensions that will lead to the achievement of the social mission. Externally funded social enterprises implement their business models in a causal manner. External funders not expecting financial returns apply limited influence on the business models of the social enterprises they fund. In accordance with the findings of this study, some suggestions for future research are put forward.
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    Motivations for Individual Giving among Ghanaians
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023) Owusu-Ansah, Matilda; Moyoi, Bhekinkosi
    The primary objective of this thesis was to investigate the motivations for individual giving of money, gifts and time to other individuals and organisations among Ghanaians. Previous studies in Europe, America, Asia and South Africa show that individuals are the main source of immediate and long-term support to other individuals and organisations. However, research into the factors that motivate different giving types to individuals and organisations among Ghanaians is almost non-existent. Therefore, this study investigated extrinsic and intrinsic motivations influencing giving decisions by Ghanaians. Specifically, the thesis considered the demographic and psychographic factors influencing individual giving. The demographic factors include personal and socio-economic characteristics, and the psychographics includes behavioural and attitudinal factors that influence giving. The study identified gender, age and household size as the significant demographic factors, while financial constraints, egoism, giving back, social norms, religion, social justice, trust, and emotions are the significant behavioural and attitudinal factors influencingGhanaian giving. The research obtained primary data by surveying a diverse sample population of 720 respondents and conducting semi-structured interviews with 21 Ghanaians. The binary logistic regression model applied to measure the predictive ability of the demographic and psychographic factors on the three related behaviours of giving money, giving gift items, and volunteering suggests that the significant demographics influencing giving, among Ghanaians are gender, age, household size, number of children, education, ethnicity, religion and marital status. While the significant psychographics influencing giving behaviours are financial constraints, egoism, giving back, social norms, social justice, trust, and emotions.This study adopted the motivational domains of the Self Determination Theory and suggested that the motivation to give is a transition and overlaps from not being able or willing to give, through socially reward-seeking and punishment-avoiding actions to genuine concern for others’ welfare. The main contribution of this study to theory and knowledge is the adaptation and application of the Self Determination Theory in the Ghanaian context and identifying the different variables that influence the giving decision among Ghanaians. In addition, the identified factors are useful to organisations and groups that seek to motivate individual giving and involvement in community, group or national philanthropic and charity activities