An Exploration into the Experiences of South African Psychologists working with patients who consult Traditional Healers/Sangomas

Abstract

The current mental healthcare system in South Africa is predominantly influenced by Western ideologies, which often fail to cater to the needs of the culturally diverse population. Consequently, there is a growing preference among South African clients for psychologists who integrate spirituality in their psychotherapeutic work, either directly or through referral systems. This integration of conventional and complementary therapies is known as medical pluralism. The increasing demand for medical pluralism raises the question of how psychologists currently work with traditional healers and clients who ascribe to indigenous knowledge systems. This study explored how South African psychologists work with traditional healers and clients that adhere to indigenous knowledge systems. The data was collected using semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions to gain an in-depth understanding of the psychologists' experiences, the interaction of Western and African worldviews in therapy, and to develop frameworks that integrate both worldviews. Data was analysed using an interpretive phenomenological analysis to explore participants lived experiences. Results indicated that psychologists felt inadequately trained to address African spiritual beliefs. The study revealed institutional challenges, such as the medical model's tendency to conflate African ancestral callings with psychosis. Cultural considerations were reportedly dismissed due to the fast-paced, diagnosis-focused environment. The findings underscore the need for integrating African epistemologies into psychological training and practice. Additionally, collaboration with local communities and thought leaders in African Psychology is crucial for creating a culturally sensitive and inclusive mental healthcare system. Overall, the study highlights the importance of developing frameworks that honour spiritual beliefs and community contexts that promote holistic approaches to mental health care.