What does it mean to be a man? A narrative study of young masculine identities

Abstract

This dissertation explores the social construction and lived experiences of masculine identity among young men in Soweto, South Africa. Using a narrative research design, the study investigates how young men make sense of what it means to "be a man" in Soweto, a township marked by historical inequality, shifting gender norms, and ongoing socio-economic challenges. Through narrative interviews, six participants' life stories are examined to uncover the complexities of masculine identity formation within the intersections of family, community, education, and broader societal expectations. The six participants are black males aged 15 to 23. The thematic analysis yielded six key themes. First, masculine identity formation Second, family dynamics and responsibilities. The third theme, peer and community influences. Fourth, gendered divisions of labour and masculine roles. Fifth, aspirations for studies and future careers. Finally, the sixth theme was focused on emotional expression and mental health. These themes collectively show how masculinity is actively constructed in everyday life and deeply influenced by family dynamics, peer interactions, community values, and broader psycho-social factors. The study offers insight into how young men resist, reproduce, and reimagine what it means to be a man, and it contributes to ongoing conversations around gender equity and youth development. Implications for policy implementation, education, and psychosocial support are also discussed.