Hearing and hearing loss management in children with down syndrome in Qatar

Abstract

Background: Untreated hearing impairment affects the speech and language development, academic progression and overall quality of life of children with Down syndrome. Published data regarding otolaryngological conditions and hearing in children with Down syndrome in Qatar is difficult to find, despite the prevalence of the condition here, which may negatively impact planning for their audiological care. Methods: Using a retrospective record review for patients with DS aged 1 day to 18 years seen between 01 January 2018 to 31 December 2022, this study explored methods of assessment and management utilised by the ENT and Audiology teams at Sidra Medicine, in Doha, Qatar. Non-probability, purposive sampling was employed, with descriptive and correlation statistics used in the analysis of otolaryngological manifestations, audiological profiles, hearing surveillance as well as to determine the relationship between hearing loss management and changes in hearing over time. Results: A high incidence of otolaryngological conditions was observed in children aged between 0-5.11 years. In the 92 records reviewed, hearing impairment was present in 53 (57.6%) children, with 42 (79.2%) cases of conductive hearing impairment. Surgical interventions for otolaryngological conditions corresponded with better hearing outcomes than medical treatments. Hearing aids were not routinely offered to patients despite persistent hearing impairment. Conclusion: Children with DS in the region remain at high risk for persistent otolaryngological conditions and hearing impairment. National and institutional levels guidelines to organize and prioritize their ENT and audiological care should be available to clinicians to facilitate timeous care and appropriate solutions for hearing loss management.