A Comprehensive Approach to Sustainable Technology Integration: Achieving Functional Compatibility through the Sustainability Acceptance Model in South Africa’s Energy Grid

Abstract

South Africa's energy grid, primarily dependent on coal and aging infrastructure, faces significant challenges transitioning toward sustainable energy solutions. Despite governmental initiatives, such as the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme (REIPPPP), the adoption of green technologies remains constrained. This study introduces the Sustainability Acceptance Model (SAM), designed to identify and address barriers to sustainable technology adoption. Through cross-sectional surveys and rigorous statistical analyses (Spearman’s correlation, regression models, and variance inflation factor assessments), significant correlations were identified, including perceived economic stability (𝜌𝜌 = 0.157, p = 0.0114), functional compatibility of technology (𝜌𝜌 = 0.187, p = 0.0026), and public awareness campaigns (𝜌𝜌 = 0.188, p = 0.0024). A notable paradox emerged wherein heightened environmental awareness correlated negatively with perceptions of institutional effectiveness (𝜌𝜌 = -0.126, p = 0.0429), indicating a perceived gap between public expectations and institutional action. The study recommends specific policy interventions, such as amendments to the Electricity Regulation Act (No. 4 of 2006) to facilitate decentralised renewable energy generation, expansion of the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme (REIPPPP) to include smaller-scale end-user projects and enhanced financial incentives including subsidies and tax benefits. Additionally, public engagement strategies must be culturally aligned and supported by educational initiatives to bridge identified gaps in sustainable knowledge perception. This study contributes significantly to academia, policymakers, and industry stakeholders by providing an actionable, multidimensional Sustainability Acceptance Model (SAM) framework. It aids policymakers and industry practitioners in formulating effective strategies that facilitate an equitable transition towards sustainable energy solutions, fostering greater end-user acceptance and supporting South Africa’s sustainable development goals.