Classical Cardiovascular Risk Factors and HIV are Associated With Carotid IntimaMedia Thickness in Adults From SubSaharan Africa Findings From H3Africa AWIGen Study

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dc.citation.doi10.1161/JAHA.118.011506en_ZA
dc.citation.epage17
dc.citation.spage1
dc.contributor.authorBoua P
dc.contributor.authorAli S
dc.contributor.authorSoo C
dc.date.accessioned2020-03-10T13:17:51Z
dc.date.available2020-03-10T13:17:51Z
dc.date.issued2019-06-07
dc.departmentEpidemiology and Biostatistics
dc.description.abstractBackground-—Studies on the determinants of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), a marker of sub-clinical atherosclerosis, mostly come from white, Asian, and diasporan black populations. We present CIMT data from sub-Saharan Africa, which is experiencing a rising burden of cardiovascular diseases and infectious diseases. Methods and Results-—The H3 (Human Hereditary and Health) in Africa’s AWI-Gen (African-Wits-INDEPTH partnership for Genomic) study is a cross-sectional study conducted in adults aged 40 to 60 years from Burkina Faso, Kenya, Ghana, and South Africa. Cardiovascular disease risk and ultrasonography of the CIMT of right and left common carotids were measured. Multivariable linear and mixed-effect multilevel regression modeling was applied to determine factors related to CIMT. Data included 8872 adults (50.8% men), mean age of 50 6 years with age- and sex-adjusted mean ( SE) CIMT of 640 123lm. Participants from Ghana and Burkina Faso had higher CIMT compared with other sites. Age (b = 6.77, 95%CI [6.34–7.19]), body mass index (17.6[12.5–22.8]), systolic blood pressure (7.52[6.21–8.83]), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (5.08[2.10–8.06]) and men (10.3[4.75– 15.9]) were associated with higher CIMT. Smoking was associated with higher CIMT in men. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (12.2 [17.9– 6.41]), alcohol consumption (–13.5 [19.1–7.91]) and HIV (8.86 [15.7–2.03]) were inversely associated with CIMT. Conclusions-—Given the rising prevalence of cardiovascular diseases risk factors in sub-Saharan Africa, atherosclerotic diseases may become a major pan-African epidemic unless preventive measures are taken particularly for prevention of hypertension, obesity, and smoking. HIV-specific studies are needed to fully understand the association between HIV and CIMT in sub-Saharan Africaen_ZA
dc.description.librarianKM2020en_ZA
dc.facultyHealth Sciencesen_ZA
dc.identifier.citationISIen_ZA
dc.identifier.issn2047-9980
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10539/29093
dc.journal.issue14en_ZA
dc.journal.linkDOI: 10.1161/JAHA.118.011506en_ZA
dc.journal.titleJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATIONen_ZA
dc.journal.volume8en_ZA
dc.rightsª 2019 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.en_ZA
dc.schoolSchool of Public Healthen_ZA
dc.subjectCardivascularen_ZA
dc.subjectCarotid Intima-Media Thicknessen_ZA
dc.subjectHIVen_ZA
dc.titleClassical Cardiovascular Risk Factors and HIV are Associated With Carotid IntimaMedia Thickness in Adults From SubSaharan Africa Findings From H3Africa AWIGen Studyen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA
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