Unlocking Sustainability: An Exploration of the Potential for Food Waste Conversion into Energy and Value-Added Products for Effective Landfill Diversion in South Africa

Abstract

This research report examines the potential for transforming food waste into energy and value-added products as a sustainable strategy for diverting waste from landfills in South Africa. The study uses a social cost-benefit framework to evaluate various waste conversion technologies, including anaerobic digestion, aerobic composting, vermicomposting, and black soldier fly larvae, within South Africa's unique socio- economic and environmental landscape. The study combines quantitative waste composition analyses with technology evaluations, revealing significant landfilling costs and underscoring the economic and environmental urgency of strategic food waste diversion. Highlighting gate fees' critical role, the findings advocate adjusting these fees to incentivise sustainable waste management practices. Notably, Black Soldier Fly larvae and Vermicomposting technologies emerge as dual-benefit strategies for waste reduction and resource recovery. The report calls for policy and infrastructure advancements to enable the broad adoption of these technologies, emphasising their importance in achieving sustainability and economic objectives.