Examining Available Behavioural and Social Interventions for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Developing Countries in Africa – A Scoping Review

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder, but data on ASD presentation in developing countries is limited. This scoping review aimed to identify existing gaps in research on contextually relevant interventions, as well as examine available interventions, for children with ASD in developing countries in Africa. In addition, comorbid disorders in individuals with ASD are common. These comorbid disorders may perpetuate psychological distress and impact the quality of life for individuals with ASD. The Arksey and O’Malley (2005) framework with methodological enhancements by Levac et al. (2010) guided this review. Five stages were involved: identifying the research question, identifying relevant studies, screening studies, charting data, and summarizing results. A total of 2464 records were screened, and 19 studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings further highlight a lack of research on ASD interventions in developing countries, as well as barriers to accessing and implementing interventions. It also provided an overview of available interventions, including parent-mediated, professionally implemented, and other interventions. This review highlights the need for further research on effective and appropriate ASD interventions in developing countries in Africa, but also provides a foundation for understanding existing interventions and barriers.