Attitudes, knowledge, and physical activity among patients with type 2 diabetes in Dihlabeng, South Africa

Abstract

Background: The benefits of physical activity for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus are well recognised but underutilised in rural areas. Physical activity is included in the stepwise management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the South African Essential Medicine and Standard Treatment Guidelines. Aims: This study aimed to describe the knowledge, attitudes, and level of physical activity among type 2 diabetic patients in the rural area of Dihlabeng Regional Hospital, Dihlabeng South Africa. Furthermore, the study aimed to develop a community-tailored physical exercise programme for the study population. Methods: Data were gathered from 150 consenting adult patients at the Diabetic Clinic at Dihlabeng Regional Hospital, Bethlehem, Free State. This was done through the anonymous completion of a researcher-developed questionnaire that included the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Additionally, 64 participants took part in researcher-led focus groups. Knowledge was assessed using the results of the researcher-developed questionnaire based on the physical activity recommendations in the South African Essential Medicine List and Standard Treatment Guidelines. Results: Results indicated that participants had moderate to good knowledge regarding physical activity as a treatment method for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The overall attitude of participants was positive, generally participants exhibited a low to moderate level of physical activity, with a lack of facilities identified as the primary barrier to performing physical activity. Emanating from the findings, a community-tailored exercise programme was developed. Conclusion: This study highlights the need to bridge the knowledge- behaviour gap and address barriers to physical activity in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus in rural South Africa. Tailored interventions and community engagement are essential for promoting physical activity and enhancing health outcomes in rural type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.