Internal role conflict within individuals playing both leadership and followership roles.

Abstract

Johannesburg, 27 November 2008 ii ABSTRACT Modern management theory focuses on leaders and leadership. It is almost impossible to attend an executive program presented by any major business school without there being some form of leadership training. As organisations become leaner and structures flatter, managers are increasingly expected to perform both leadership and followership roles interchangeably. This paper has investigated internal role conflict brought about by managers having to play both leadership and followership roles within the same organisation. The associated role conflict experienced by individuals playing both leadership and followership roles was also investigated. In order to ensure a sound understanding of the subject matter, all participants were issued with a short essay on followership. Data was collected from participants in two parts, namely a questionnaire and an interview. A two part questionnaire with a five point Likert scale was used to gather demographic data and responses to particular statements. Secondly, a structured interview was conducted with participants in order to delve deeper into individual views and experiences. It was found that all employees play both leadership and followership roles depending on the situation. Internal role conflict does occur as everybody has a choice as to whether to play either a leadership or followership position. If not managed, the internal role conflict brought about by role ambiguity will lead to increased levels of stress and poor or delayed decision making. Ultimately, this may lead to poor individual performance or at worst, organisational failure. Followership remains a poorly researched subject and is seen as a necessary evil within organisations. The reality is followership is as important leadership and should be taught as leadership is taught. Organisations who do not invest in followership and leaders who are not able to follow will struggle to reach their full potential.