Management of Upper Limb Pain in Stroke Survivors: The Current Practice of Occupational Therapists in South Africa

Abstract

Introduction: Stroke is a significant health concern in South Africa, leading to adult disability and mortality. Post-stroke pain, especially in the upper limb, disrupts survivors' daily lives. Occupational therapists play a pivotal role in managing this pain, but the literature suggests deficiencies in recognizing and addressing it effectively. This study aimed to describe occupational therapists' practices in managing upper limb pain post-stroke in South Africa. Methodology: A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study surveyed occupational therapists who routinely treat stroke survivors. Descriptive statistics and content analyses were used. Results: One hundred responses were included for analysis. The survey revealed that 96.7% of participants recognised pain as prevalent among stroke patients. Notably, 48.9% always included pain management in interventions, while 43.5% lacked necessary skills and 16.3% reported time constraints. Therapists primarily focused on neuromusculoskeletal aspects of pain, with some considering mental functions, activities, participation, and environmental factors. Conclusion: The study emphasised the burden of post-stroke upper limb pain in South Africa, urging enhanced occupational therapy interventions. Occupational therapists mainly address body structures and functions associated with pain, indicating the potential to strengthen the focus on activity and participation while considering contextual factors. Incorporating pain management into occupational therapy interventions for stroke survivors across all levels of care is recommended, alongside the development of evidence-based guidelines tailored to occupational therapy.