The burden of severe Hepatitis A disease in South Africa’s public sector: A cross sectional study using routine laboratory data from 2016 to 2021
Date
2023
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
Abstract
Background
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a common cause of acute viral hepatitis in South Africa, however, there is limited data on the burden of severe HAV disease in the South African population.
Objective
To describe the burden of severe HAV disease in South Africa’s public sector by describing the prevalence of laboratory diagnosed acute liver failure (ALF) in patients with HAV infection, during the period January 2016 to December 2021.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study using retrospective secondary data from the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), from January 2016 to December 2021. Laboratory patient records that were positive for HAV IgM were extracted and merged with International Normalised Ratio (INR) test records, using the NHLS Corporate Data Warehouse (CDW) record linking algorithm. All patients with a positive HAV IgM result linked to an INR result >1.5 were reported as having laboratory diagnosed ALF. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were conducted using STATA 17 SE.
Results
A total of 15 261 laboratory patient records were positive for HAV infection. Of the patients with HAV infection a total of 7 824 (51.27%) were linked with an INR test result, and of those a total of 1 420 (18.15%) patients had ALF. The average annual burden of patients with ALF was 237 patients per year (range: 136–333). Children <10 years had the highest number of HAV infections (n= 6 227, 40.80%) and ALF (n=576, 40.56%) for the study period. Patients 50-59 years with HAV infection were most likely to have ALF compared to children <10 years (OR 2.95, 95% CI 2.207 - 3.935, p<0.000).
Conclusion
Whereas adults with acute HAV infection are more likely to develop ALF, severe HAV disease is predominantly a childhood disease in South Africa. This study emphasises the need to strengthen HAV prevention strategies to limit the incidence and burden of severe HAV disease
Description
A research report submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Medicine (Public Health Medicine) to the Faculty of Science, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2023
Keywords
Hepatitis A, HAV, Severe HAV, ALF, HAV burden, UCTD
Citation
Khoza, Mariana Makhanani . (2023). The burden of severe Hepatitis A disease in South Africa’s public sector: A cross sectional study using routine laboratory data from 2016 to 2021 [Master’s dissertation, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg]. WireDSpace.