The transcription factor interacting network of tolerant TME3 and susceptible T200 cassava landraces infected with SACMV
Date
2019
Authors
Freeborough, Warren
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Abstract
Cassava, Manihot esculenta Crantz, is categorized as a food security crop, producing large starchy tubers that are gaining interest from both international and local agro-processing industries for products such as bioethanol, textiles, and food additives. However, cassava is currently under threat from a group of begomoviruses that cause cassava mosaic disease (CMD) in all countries in sub-Saharan Africa where cassava is cultivated. CMD can result in up to 100% crop loss. South African cassava mosaic virus (SACMV) is particularly a threat to the growing cassava industry in southern Africa. Despite extensive breeding programs over the past 70 years to develop CMD-resistant farmer-preferred cassava landraces, total resistance has not been achieved. Furthermore, the high mutational rates of begomoviruses, and mixed infections in the field, have exacerbated the problem. TME3 is a West African landrace that displays tolerance to begomoviruses, including SACMV. Infection of TME3 by SACMV leads to recovery, hallmarked by low virus loads and milder symptoms compared to a susceptible southern African landrace T200. The molecular processes that govern tolerance in crops, including cassava, are not well understood. However, systemic immune responses, which are controlled by hormoneresponsive transcription factors (TFs), are required by the plant to successfully combat an invading pathogen. Two different branches of systemic immunity have been described, namely systemic acquired resistance (SAR), facilitated by salicylic acid (SA) signalling, and induced systemic resistance (ISR), which is induced through jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) signalling in the presence of beneficial rhizobacteria. In 2014, Allie et al. compared global transcriptomic responses occurring in TME3 and the T200 during early 12 days’ post inoculation (dpi), middle (32 dpi) and late (67 dpi) stages of SACMV infection. In order to give greater context to transcriptomic data, which is inheritably large and complex, network analysis may be implemented. By placing the differentially expressed (DE) gene homologs/orthologs identified from the cassava transcriptome datasets into protein-protein networks, functions of SACMV-responsive genes, interacting partners, and potential hubs, can be derived. Cassava gene functions are based on the model crop Arabidopsis thaliana, as despite the sequencing of the cassava genome, the annotations are incomplete. The aim of this study was to identify potential candidate TFs, and their associated hormones and other network partners, that confer either tolerance (TME3) or susceptibility (T200) to SACMV.
Description
A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science of the University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in full fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, 2019
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Citation
Freeborough, Warren (2019) The transcription factor interacting network of tolerant TME3 and susceptible T200 cassava landraces infected with SACMV, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, <http://hdl.handle.net/10539/29438>