Faculty of Humanities (ETDs)

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    The representation of father and son relationships in African fairy tales
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023-08) Nkosi, Hlengiwe; Nkealah, Naomi
    This research project examines the representation of father and son relationships in African fairy tales. The purpose of this research is firstly to analyse how father and son relationships are portrayed in African fairy tales. The second purpose of this research is to determine the types of father and son relationships portrayed in the African fairy tales and how those relationships expand, challenge or support the existing knowledge about what it means to be a father and a man. I used ten fairy tales to conduct this study. Three of the fairy tales are from Ethiopia, one fairy tale is from Kenya, four are from South Africa, one from Zimbabwe, and one from Ghana. I analysed the data for this study using a thematic content analysis method. My findings were that there are five types of father and son relationships: dysfunctional father and son relationships, detached father and son relationships, distanced father and son relationships, absent father and son relationships, and positive father and son relationships. There are five factors that determined the father and son relationships; these factors are hard work, wisdom and knowledge, obedience and disobedience, communication, and reckless behaviour. The types of father and son relationships portrayed in the African fairy tales affirm, contest and extend existing knowledge on fatherhood and masculinity in different ways.
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    A Podcast Original: Feeling out Black Contemporary Masculinity in South Africa
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023-08) Mkhwanazi, Vuyiswa Samukelisiwe Nomvula; Kiguwa, Peace
    This research report provides detailed account of the ways in which “Podcast and Chill with MacG” possibly surfaces affective identifications and attachments in its representations of black masculinity. The theoretical explorations are performed with the Millennial and Gen-Z aged masculine audience in mind as they would be the main consumers of this podcast. This study uses affect theory as its theoretical framework - particularly as it is offered by Sara Ahmed in conversation with Tomkins’ work. The study has taken on a qualitative approach. Data collection occurred through purposive sampling of three sixty minute [or longer] episodes of the podcast. The specific episodes feature the following people as interviewees or guests: media personality Jub Jub, comedian and actor Mpho “Popps” Modikane as well as radio personality and reality television star, Dineo Ranaka. The data is analysed and interpreted by means of critical discourse analysis which is focused on studying and analysing spoken and written texts for the purpose of revealing discursive sources of bias, inequality, dominance and power. This paper utilises a culturally responsive relational reflexive ethical framework. The key findings of this paper are that the podcast guest embody one of the following Jungian archetypes: fallen hero [Jub Jub], jester [Mpho Popps] and rebel [Dineo Ranaka]. Furthermore, the fallen hero and jester embody affects of elevation and pride, as well as anxiety respectively. The rebel subverts expectation by rejecting to embody shame and instead uses that rejection as a feminist rallying cry that works to summon a caring masculinity.
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    Gendered Affective Economies of Male Sexual Violence Against Men in South Africa
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023-08) Chitiki, Elizabeth; Nkomo, Nkululeko; Kiguwa, Peace
    Within the South African context, sexual violence against men is an under-researched phenomenon, and abuse against men is largely characterized by silence. This study focused attention on discursive and affective dimensions of societal responses to sexual violence against men (heterosexual, gay, bisexual, and transgender men). At the pinna core of this research was the interrogation of how male victim-survivors of sexual violence are constructed within contexts that are embedded with gender, sexuality, and masculinity governing ideologies. Concerning sexual violence against men, dominant sexual constructions of men perceive men as sexually promiscuous and always ready for sex. Then, one ought to pose a question about how men's sexual agency and subjectivity are constructed when one or more of these social constructs are violated in the case of sexual violence. Using data from online radio talk podcasts and virtual ethnographies, I analyse societal responses to male sexual violence. Data were analysed using Foucauldian Discourse Analysis in tandem with Affect theory. The results of this research are presented in three chapters. The first chapter of the analysis discusses victim worthiness and empathy in social constructions of male sexual violence. The second chapter of the analysis shows the humanization of a (de)humanized subject in understanding prison rape via affective tropes. The third chapter of the analysis discusses the unmasking of institutional culpability through affective economies of shared pain and rage. Thus, the findings of the study highlighted that particular discursive constructions and affective tropes are useful in the negotiation, and surfacing of particular subjectivities in connection to male sexual violence.
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    Challenging the Representation of Masculinity & Themes Pertaining to Rape Culture in Film & Televisual Media
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2022-06) Gondo, Jackson Onai; Heatlie, Damon; Dladla, Tiisetso
    This dissertation raises questions around the representation of masculinity and in turn the notion of ‘toxic masculinity’ in film and televisual media, and will result in a project in the form of a screenplay and animated scene that subverts these representations and makes the audience, through viewing the film, question their relationship to toxic masculinity and ‘rape culture.’ The dissertation looks at the narrative and visual conventions pertaining to masculinity that have existed throughout the history of film and television and how they still manifest themselves today. It looks at attempts to subvert these conventions and where these attempts failed. It also looks at literary scholars who have theorized these notions of masculinity and how those ideas have indeed manifested throughout film and television.
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    Towards the development of a screening tool for Anorexia Nervosa in men
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2022) Reeves, Megan Moya; Laher, Sumaya
    Anorexia Nervosa (AN) in men is still not wholly understood and is often misdiagnosed. The primary aim of this tri-phasal exploratory, mixed methods study was to propose content domains and items that may be used to inform the development of future quantitative tests to screen for AN in men. It has been reported that there is currently no quantitative instrument available, which has been specifically designed to measure anorexic symptomatology in men (Darcy et al., 2012; Murray et al., 2012). The quantitative content domains and test items developed in this study may be used in future self-report screening measures to help improve the accurate recognition of AN symptoms in men. These items will help to counter the effects of gender biases evident in current AN screening tools and biases held by clinicians and psychiatrists that are reported when screening for AN in men. These test items and content domains were developed in the third phase of this study and were derived from the findings of the first two phases. In phase one, a comprehensive thematic list of symptoms reportedly experienced by men diagnosed with AN was developed from an integrative literature review of peer-reviewed journal articles published between July 2000 to July 2013 on PsychINFO, SA ePublications, and Google Scholar. The data from phase one were supplemented by a thematic analysis of 14 interviews with South African clinical psychologists and psychiatrists, conducted under phase two, which deconstructed their beliefs regarding AN in men. Ultimately, the study’s three phases cumulatively showed how the symptoms reportedly experienced by men differed to those of women, deconstructed the beliefs held by a sample of South African clinical psychologists and psychiatrists, recommended a gender sensitive and identity based conceptualisation of AN that served to explicate theory, and finally proposed original test items that may be used in future research to develop a test to more validly and reliably screen for AN symptomatology in men.