4. Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) - Faculties submissions

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Postmodernism, Postmodern marketing, and the consumption behaviours of Millennials and Generation Z in South Africa
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023) Mkhonto, Zonke Mbali; Saini, Yvonne Kabeya
There is an insufficient degree of research-related exploration and analysis in the postmodern marketing field or sphere in the context of consumer behaviours of the Generation Y (Millennials) and Generation Z in South Africa. Accordingly, this study explores the integration of and its application to postmodern marketing strategies, and also analyses the influences of these strategies on the consumption habits and behaviours of the Generation Y and Generation Z youth cohorts. In its focus on contributin towards the resolution of these research-related gaps, the study explored and analysed the application of postmodernism in respect of the principles or constructs of hyperreality, fragmentation, and reversals of production and consumption. These principles were then examined and integrated with postmodern marketing approaches such as the gamification, omnichannel, user-generated content, and experiential marketing strategies for broader understanding of the nature and impact of the identified consumption behaviours of the Millennials and Generation Z in South Africa. The methodology entailed a quantitative methodological approach since it is objective, systematic, more efficient and further amenable to testing of hypotheses. A self- administered online questionnaire designed by the researcher was utilised for data collection and as reference framework for statistical data analysis. The findings supported all the developed hypotheses, and further revealed, amongst others, that a positive and significant relationship between all constructs concerning the nature and impact of the identified consumption behaviours of the Millennials and Generation Z in South Africa. Notwithstanding these findings, the study supports and recommends further research (future studies) in the adoption and application of the omnichannel marketing strategy, which seemed to display the most dynamism in the context of correlation analysis and path modelling more than the other postmodern marketing constructs
Gamification in production of a manufacturing firm in South Africa
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2024) Jooste, Stephanie Margaret
Gamification although an old concept, is only recently being adopted into various industries which have shown tremendous positive outcomes from the adoption of the concept. However, the manufacturing industry in South Africa lacks diversity and has failed to adopt the new concept. Therefore, it is critical to explore the potential of gamification in this sector. The extant body of literature on gamification highlights the concept's beneficial consequences; yet, as no research has been done to document gamification's long-term effects, caution is advised. Leaving adopters uncertain about the duration of time they can enjoy the advantages of higher output and staff engagement. The concept of gamification was investigated in the manufacturing industry todetermine if adoption is a viable option. This research provided insights on the complexity of the workforce and the resistance towards change. The industry is hungry for a disturbance to drive productivity and employee engagement to the next level. A qualitative methodology was employed, with 4 participants from one manufacturing firm supplying information on how gamification might be implemented in the manufacturing sector and the potential impact. The research findings provide insight into the difficulties the company would face if gamification was implemented. While highlighting the anticipated benefits, participants voiced concern about the workforce's divergent viewpoints. The overall viewpoint of the participants was that gamification can have a positive impact on productivity levels in the firm if introduced in a slow cautious manner. One of the main recommendations was to implement gamification in the company in conjunction with a motivational theory as a means of assisting the employees in adapting to the shift. It was recommended that the change must happen slowly and purposeful, it is imperative that the workforce understands the change and what is to be expected from it
The Role of Natural Disasters in Shaping Individual Perceptions of Climate Change in Africa
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023-11-13) Van Niekerk, Courtney; Alence, Rod
This paper explores the relationship between individual perceptions of climate change and natural disasters in African states. This paper uses both qualitative and quantitative research methodology to explore 33 African states by observing the climate change perceptions as well as climate risk experienced by individuals through natural disasters. By using subnational Afrobarometer survey data and corresponding subnational natural disaster data, this paper finds individuals who have experienced natural disasters are less likely to express concerns for climate change.
Resolving Inter- and Extra-group Discord Between Forestry and Milling Industries Using Photo-optical Technology
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2022-03) Bierman, Rohan; Penman, Neale
TWK Agri timber mills purchase significant volumes of timber from the forestry division of the group and external plantations. A process is followed when timber arrives at a mill to determine the volume of timber to pay in tons, and this process utilises a conversion factor to convert cubic meters to tons. This conversion factor, 1.37 m3/ton, has been in use for many years, although recently it has become apparent that timber suppliers are dissatisfied with this value as they believe it to be longer representative of the state of timber being supplied to the mills. Importantly, the conversion factor has a direct impact on the amount that suppliers are compensated. The implications of low trust relationships with disgruntled suppliers of a key raw material cannot be overstated: if suppliers withdraw from supply agreements, the timber mills will be unable to meet the demand of the mining industry and other markets. This consulting report is concerned with investigating whether the conversion factor is still representative or should be adjusted. The means of conducting this investigation is using a photo-optical mobile device application, Timbeter, which can determine the volume of timber on a truck through photographing every stack and inputting the length of the logs. The application can identify each log and size it accordingly to calculate volume. The implication is that it has greater accuracy than the current manual method to determine volume. Using volume data from the Timbeter application of trucks measured from February to October 2021, along with weighbridge data, the actual factors were statistically analysed in comparison with the current factor, as well as reviewing other variables of stack density for varying timber diameter classes, species, and season. It is shown that the current factor is no longer suitable and should be adjusted to 1.24 m3/ton. This will have a profound impact on suppliers in terms of additional revenue; using volume measurements from Timbeter with the new factor the timber mills would pay a minimum additional R7.2 – R7.8m to all suppliers combined. However, with better recovery from lower input volumes calculated, the timber mills can calculate lower cost prices for products, thereby increasing gross profit. It was also imperative to investigate the perceptions of key individuals employed at the timber mills in relation to technology and the implementation of Timbeter as a technological solution to calculate timber volume on trucks. This qualitative study was conducted through semi-structured interviews and identifying the main themes into which the response data could be grouped. Four main themes were identified, covering operational challenges, supplier treatment, training and implementation and acknowledging the issues that arise with new technology implementation. The main conclusions from the quantitative and qualitative components of the consulting project were presented. Finally, recommendations were made in respect of the conclusions from the quantitative and qualitative components.
Cost-effective and novel seismic methods for mineral and coal exploration: Examples from Witwatersrand goldfields and Bushveld Complex
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023) Sihoyiya, Mpofana; Manz, Musa S. D.
The reflection seismic method has its origin from oil and gas exploration in the land and offshore sedimentary soft rock environment. Since the inception of the reflection seismic technology in hardrock environment, more advanced processing methods such as migration algorithms have been established to revamp the quality of hardrock seismic data for deep mineral targeting. This study shows the value of recovering and reprocessing legacy reflection seismic data using advanced processing techniques that were not available at the time of acquisition. This is achieved through different novel processing workflows that incorporate iterative static corrections, Kirchhoff pre-stack depth migration (KPreSDM), Kirchhoff pre-stack time migration (KPreSTM), and the newly developed Fresnel-volume (FV) and coherency migration (CM) techniques. This research also shows the value of novel processing of the seismic data acquired in-mine challenging environments. The legacy data from the Kaapvaal Craton in South Africa have been processed to improve the delineation of the deep-seated mineral deposits such as the gold-bearing horizons (termed reefs) in the Witwatersrand Basin and Platinum Group Element (PGE) horizons in the Bushveld Complex. Furthermore, the shallow coal seams and associated geological structures of the Karoo Supergroup in the Evander Basin, an arcuate basin characterized by the Witwatersrand Basin towards the south and the Bushveld Complex towards the north, have been delineated for future mine planning and designs. To better image and understand the geometry of the gold-bearing reefs and crosscutting geological structures in the South Rand goldfield, an 18 km long legacy two-dimensional (2D) reflection seismic line was reprocessed using today’s standard processing workflow which employed iterative static corrections. Improved structural imaging of the steeply dipping faults (mostly normal and reverse), as well as dolerite intrusions, was mostly achieved by using KPreSTM and KPreSDM, with KPreSDM providing better structural imaging than other techniques. Moreover, reprocessing of this profile using an improved velocity model and numerical simulations assisted in delineating near surface stratigraphic units and deep-seated (> 1 km depth) geological structures that are associated with the gold-bearing reef but missed by the legacy post-stack time migrated section. In the Bushveld Complex, the PGE deposits (known as platinum reefs) are delineated using a newly developed depth migration technique called coherency migration. Imaging through CM workflow shows evidence of the complex structural architecture that controls the platinum deposits in the study area. The 50 km long legacy 2D profile traverses towards the center of the complex and provides a better understanding of the tectonic evolution in the region. Additionally, magnetic data were utilised to constrain seismic interpretation and delineate the highly magnetic major geological structures such as the Chaneng structure and strongly magnetized rocks of the Rustenburg Layered Suite. The Chaneng structure, in particular, was poorly defined by the seismic data due to its steeply dipping nature. In 2020, in-mine seismic experiments were conducted to delineate the PGE-bearing horizons such as the Upper Group-2 (UG2) and Merensky Reef. Three reflection seismic profiles from these experiments were cautiously processed to attenuate the infrastructure-generated noise. The experiments were successful and delineated the Merensky Reef and UG2 mineralisations at depths between 55 m and 124 m beneath the developmental tunnel (~550 m below the surface). Six legacy 2D reflection seismic profiles acquired for gold exploration in 1986 in the Evander Basin are processed for imaging both the Witwatersrand Basin and the Bushveld Complex, as well as the coal seams of the Highveld and Witbank coalfields. The profiles were acquired perpendicular to each other providing pseudo-three-dimensional (3D) imaging of the subsurface and better delineation of the geological structures. The degree of faulting and folding that affect the mineralisation observed on the processed profiles in all sites would not have been achieved if advanced processing workflows were not implemented. Processing of the legacy data provides a more cost‐effective way to explore the mineral deposits than reacquiring new data, which could be costly and limited by surface conditions. The processing approaches used in this thesis can be used in other brownfield mining regions where the legacy data exist, and they can also be used to revamp the quality of the data acquired in noisy mining environment
Quantitative analysis of gold in low-grade tailings from different matrices, coupled with a study into the associated uncertainties
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023) Mashale, Kedibone Nicholine; Tshilongo, James; Chimuka, Luke
Gold is one of the precious group elements that is used for various purposes, such as jewellery, auto catalysts and as a form of investment. Various countries have gold reserves, with South Africa being the leading gold producer between 1980 and 2007. However, as of 2022, it is ranked as the eighth largest producer of gold, contributing 3% to the global contribution. The majority of gold is mainly mined from the Witwatersrand Basin in Johannesburg. It is well known that mining has been ongoing for decades, which means that a significant amount of land has been mined across the country. During gold mining, a large proportion of the ore material from which the gold is extracted is waste, together with the chemicals that were used, and this waste is termed mine tailings. This implies that based on the years that gold mining has occurred for and the depth of mining, a significant amount of the tailings have been deposited into free land around the mines, some of which are close to communities. The tailings consist of traces of gold that were left due to inefficient extraction processes and other components, such as base metals. The disadvantage of this is that due to the other chemical composition of these tailings, they have the potential to be dangerous to the environment. Some tailings contain minerals such as jarosite (KFe2(SO4)2(OH)6) that cause acid mine drainage, while heavy metals such as lead, mercury, arsenic and chromium can leach into surface and ground waters, causing pollution. Furthermore, they pose a danger if the dams that they are stored in collapse, which was recently witnessed in South Africa. Because of these factors, there have been various advances made towards the beneficiation of tailings, such as utilizing them to make glass or bricks for construction. A major advancement was the reprocessing of these mine tailings to recover or extract the remaining gold, which benefits both the environment and the mining houses. Therefore, in a move to support this initiative, scientists have taken to the laboratory to develop new or optimize existing methods for the extraction and quantification of gold, which is expected to be of a low grade over time. Various methods can be used for the quantification of gold, including the conventional fire assay, wet and dry chlorination and acid digestion. Most of these are suitable for medium- to high-grade gold ores but are known to experience challenges in regard to low-grade ores. The aim of this research was therefore to find the optimum method for the quantification of gold from mine tailings emanating from the Ventersdorp Contact Reef (VCR) and Barberton Greenstone Belt (GBS). Subsequent to chemical analysis, the samples were characterized for mineralogy using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer‒Emmett‒Teller (BET) surface area
The Role of Consultants in Ensuring Compliance to Engineering Standards in Steel Fabrication Projects
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023) Khumalo, Buhlebezwe; Owusu Junio, Peterson
This research paper investigates the role played by engineering consultants on steel fabrication projects to provide compliance to engineering standards. Complying to all engineering standards increases chances of considering the project as successful. With significant number of engineering project that have failed, it was important to investigate the client’s satisfaction on the work conducted by engineering consultants. Criteria such as importance of engineering consultant, value added by engineering consultants and the percentage amount to be paid consultants were used to investigate clients’ satisfaction on the work done by engineering consultants on steel fabrication projects. Literature review revealed that engineering consultants need to keep up with latest technology to be able to comply with the engineering standards. Sharing of information was one the emphasis put by literature on the mandate for engineering consultants to assist the steel fabrication industry to grow. Results from the chosen sample indicated that 95% of clients involved in steel fabrication projects feels engineering consultants are important and should be remunerated between 10% and 20% of the total project cost. Engineering consultants were praised for assisting on compliance to standards. Clients indicated that engineering consultants do add value on steel fabrication projects. It is recommended as future research to investigate how satisfied engineering consultants are on steel fabrication projects. It is recommended to further investigate the engineering consultants’ satisfaction to conclude the study on the performance of the whole steel fabrication industry. Engineering consultants also need to indicate how working with clients have been to ensure the required delivery. They could indicate the challenges experience and factors that have contributed to their success. They could also indicate the gaps that will need to be closed to make the steel fabrication industry a highly successful sector. All these opinions could be integrated with those obtained from this report to ensure that a complete view of the industry is obtained.
Building back better food systems: Exploring how employees learn about food waste in a food processing company in Gauteng Province, South Africa
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023-10) Nesengani, Elelwani Clinton; Jenkin, Nicola; Ramsarup, Presha
At a time when there is increasing local and global interest in the development of sustainable food systems, it is important for food processing companies to find ways of minimising food waste. Thus, it is important to understand what knowledge employees working in the food processing industry have about food waste and how they learn about ways of minimising such waste. This study explored how employees learn about food waste when commercially processing food at a food processing company in Gauteng Province, South Africa. The study investigated employees' knowledge about food waste, opportunities for work-based learning about food waste, how work-based learning about food waste is organised and facilitated, and challenges faced in organising and facilitating such learning. Data for the study was collected from in-person interviews and on-site observations. Process controllers, team leaders, general workers, product receivers, sustainability training coordinators, and the management team were interviewed. Work-based learning theory, and in particular, Lave and Wenger’s (1991) theory of situated learning, was used to frame the analysis of the data collected. In establishing a context for learning about food waste, it was found that employees described food waste in three ways: expired food, food spillages on the floor, and food in poor condition. These descriptions indicated that employees did not connect the issue of food waste to the food processing work that they accomplish. Unlike other sustainability issues such as food safety, health, and general waste management, there was a generally low level of awareness about food waste. Analysis of interviews and observational data indicated that, in the food processing company studied, there are no structured ways of learning how to reduce food waste. Instead, this issue is managed through "reactive learning", where team leaders and process controllers highlight a particular issue to food processing employees after food has been wasted. Some employees expressed interest in sustained, proactive opportunities for learning about food waste. It is evident that there is a need for structured learning opportunities about food waste for employees working in the food processing company studied and for greater awareness of the implications of food waste on both employees and employers.
Participation of previously disadvantaged people in the export of agricultural commodities
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2021) Makgale, Joas Moabi Seatile; Vanyoro, Kudzaiishe; Wotela, Kambidima
South Africa’s agricultural industry is dualistic in nature and has been for decades. This structure has ensured that only a few are able to enjoy the profits from the industry. The main objective of the current study is to interrogate the barriers that previously disadvantaged people face in participating in the export of agricultural commodities in South Africa’s agricultural industry. This is done with a focus on grain crops and the chosen area of study of Rustenburg; a town located in Moses Kotane Local Municipality (MKLM) in the North West province. Data was collected from 30 respondents who are previously disadvantaged grain crop farmers. The data were analysed using thematic data analysis. The findings of the study indicate that there are existing barriers to entry in the export market that particularly affect previously disadvantaged groups. These barriers include lack of knowledge as well as high levels of illiteracy, which disproportionately affects aging farmers. The study finds that the major barrier to entry is the structural set-up of the value chain, which enables commercial farmers to profit from the labor of the smallholder farmers. Smallholder farmers are heavily in debt and can barely earn a profit from their farm produce. To address these challenges, the research proposes a business venture model that will ensure that smallholder farmers are included in the export markets and concurrently scale themselves up into commercial farmers. The research also proposes the establishment of shared storage infrastructure in rural communities and owning machinery and equipment throughout the municipality. This would require a facilities management company to assume a custodian role to ensure proper management and administration of the business.
The inclusion of persons living with disability in the South African Mining industry
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2021) Mmoloke, Kgosietsile; Totowa, Jacques
The South African Mining industry remains one of the key economic drivers in the country’s economy. There has been a lot of progress made in transforming the industry by the inclusion of black people and women, however persons living with disabilities remain underrepresented in the industry. This study aimed to investigate the means that could increase the representation of persons living with disabilities by answering the following questions i. How do perceptions towards people living with disabilities impact their representation in the mining industry in South Africa? ii. What is the impact of the legislative framework on the employment of people with disabilities in the mining sector? iii. What are the main barriers to the inclusion of people with disabilities in the mining sector in South Africa? 12 participants were part of the interviews, which were put through a thematic analysis, and the main findings highlighting the perceptions of persons with disability in the industry, and the challenges & barriers that they face. The findings further give recommendations on how these barriers & challenges can be overcome

4. Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) - Faculties submissions

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