4. Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) - Faculties submissions

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    Gender and Transitional Justice in the Central African Republic
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023) George, Lucia; Swart, Mia
    The Central African Republic has been the scene for many years, even decades, of many conflicts and almost permanent political, social, and economic instability. During the most recent conflicts, in 2002/2003, and in 2012/2013 until today, women have been the first victims of Gender-Based Violence (GBV), understood in its broadest sense as also including violations of socio-economic and cultural rights of which they were the first targets or from which they suffered the most disproportionate consequences. This thesis proposes to assess whether the transitional justice mechanisms created in the Central African Republic can combat GBV by challenging the unequal gender norms and structures pre-existing the conflicts and, therefore, bring about a significant change in the life of women in the country. To do this, this thesis proposes to look at the concept of transformative justice to analyse what this concept means in theory and practice. In doing so, three different modes of justice will be successively studied: interactional justice, distributive justice, and normative justice from the perspective of a feminist analysis of transitional justice.
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    To the captor goes the spoils: An investigation of Russian State Capture in Sudan and the Central African Republic, 2014 - 2021
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023-06) Connock, Kendra; Mpofu-Walsh, Michael Sizwe
    Following a period of disengagement after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russian engagement in Africa has resumed in earnest. In the almost-decade since Russia annexed Ukrainian Crimea, Russia has endured criticism and hostility from the international community. Some African nations have, however, continued to express support for Russia in diplomatic fora and continue to engage with Russia through both formal and informal means. Russian engagement in Africa has come into acute focus for its unconventional nature. Particular concern is shown for the use of disinformation and the deployment of Private Military Companies. A distinct pattern of Russian engagement is presenting itself in Africa whereby these services are traded in exchange for access to natural resources, specifically precious minerals. This transaction between Russia and African nations is allowing embattled leaders to hold onto power. This research report seeks to explain and understand this phenomenon.