Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management (ETDs)

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    Financial System Stability in the East African Community: Prospects and Constraints
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2021) Lyimo, Anna Gustav; Ojah, Kalu
    This thesis examines the EAC financial system stability, focusing on the system’s prospects and constraints for the period 2000 - 2018. The primary agenda is divided into four objectives. The first objective is to investigate the evolution of the financial system and the kind of environment that it has been operating in. The relevant findings in respect of this objective indicate that the EAC financial systems have experienced both positive and adverse developments that have led to the initiation of several macro-economic and financial sector reforms. Credit risk is one of the major factors affecting the EAC financial system stability. The second objective is to conduct an empirical examination of the determinants of credit risk in the EAC financial sector. The associated results show that credit risk is responsive to the dynamics of member-countries’ macroeconomic and macro-financial variables. We found that prudent macroeconomic policies intended to stabilize inflation and exchange rates — which stimulate economic growth and increases the capacity to borrow – influence credit growth. And credit growth (with less prudent lending standards) increases the ratio of non-performing loans as well as raises credit risk during recessions. The third objective is to measure and forecast financial systems’ resilience in the EAC. Findings here suggest that EAC financial systems have remained relatively resilient, albeit vulnerable to shocks. Despite the differences in financial instability characteristics across the region, countries have reflected similar financial stability (or instability) patterns. The forecast results indicate that the EAC continues to experience financial system stability for the period 2018 -2020, other factors held constant. The last part (objective) examined the potential systemic risk contribution of individual banks to national financial systems. Here, the banking industries’ interconnectedness is shown to have increased significantly, especially during economic downturns, which poses a potential for spill-over of shocks (vulnerability) across the region during times of crisis. Each bank’s connectedness and potential systemic risk contribution is time varying. Also, there is a significant positive correlation between bank size and systemic risk contribution. Based on the above findings, and other findings of the study, the EAC region should monitor credit expansion to ensure it is consistent with economic and market realities; optimize benefits from linkages in the EAC financial system structure; and enhance effective policy formulation for more robust financial system regulation and supervision. There is also a need to conduct effective periodic risk assessments to identify and mitigate potential systemic risk, as to ensure regional financial system stability
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    The key determinants of foreign direct investment in South Africa
    (2021) Rama, Kamil
    This study investigates the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) in South Africa using annual data for the period 1994-2018. The importance of FDI inflows to South Africa cannot be underestimated, it assists in creating value for investible assets and capital formation, but also brings much-needed stimulus to efficiency, productivity and economic growth. Despite being one of the major recipients of FDI in Africa when compared to other emerging countries the value of these inflows can be considered low and volatile. Based off the literature, Pesaran’ s Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was chosen as the method used to test for cointegration. The ARDL model tests the long-run relationship between FDI and its potential determinants and the error correction model (ECM) estimates the short-run dynamic parameters within the ARDL model. The empirical results show that in the long run exchange rate, trade openness and political stability are the most important factors in determining FDI inflows to South Africa. The short-run coefficients show that political stability has a significant positive effect on FDI inflows, while the number of BITS signed has a significant negative effect. The negative short-run coefficients seen with GDP and exchange rate are not notable due to the coefficients being statistically insignificant. The study recommends that he government should look to implement policies which help promote the liberalisation of restrictions around trade and the movement of capital. This should also include looking into increasing the consistency and transparency of fiscal, monetary and trade policies. Exchange rate targeting strategies should be implemented to help stabilize the exchange rate. Lastly the South African government should maintain regulatory policies which promote political stability and invoke investor confidence