Wits School of Education (ETDs)
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Item An interpretivist account of the factors that facilitate and constrain the translation of inclusive education theory, legislation and policy into practice(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2024) Moolla, Fatima; Letseka, TebelloInclusive education started off as an international movement through the Salamanca Statement, the Dakar Framework, and the World Declaration on Education for all policies and frameworks. Following the end of apartheid in 1994, South Africa followed the rest of the world in an initiative towards a more inclusive and equitable society centred on human rights ideals. It was the White Paper 6 policy, the South African Constitution, and the South African Schools Act that followed the initiative towards a more inclusive society. These policies provided frameworks and guidelines for achieving inclusive education in South Africa. The implementation of inclusive schooling in South Africa has resulted in considerable demands that necessitate systemic modifications and adaptation to fully fill the requirement for an inclusive education framework. There were continuous changes in policies, legislation, frameworks, and curricula. However, in spite of all the legislation and policy developments that were drafted to achieve inclusive education in South Africa, there have been challenges in translating them into practice. Hence, the drafting and changes have subjected inclusive education educators to the challenges of fully implementing inclusive education practices. Ultimately, there are several theories on inclusive education, for example, constructivism theory, sociocultural theory, and inclusive pedagogy theory; nevertheless, it is unclear if the theories are translating into teaching practices. Thus, this study explores the translation of inclusive education theory, legislation, and policy into practice through the experiences of in-service educators who have received inclusive education training at the postgraduate level. This dissertation used a qualitative approach. A snowball sampling method was used to select 11 in-service educators for this study. This study made use of part-time postgraduate inclusive education students who are currently enrolled and who have been enrolled at a higher educational institution. Multiple semi-structured interviews were employed to gather data from the research participants, and a thematic analysis method was employed to analyse the data. The data collection for this study was two-phased. In addition, this study used critical pedagogy and inclusive pedagogy combined to create a theoretical framework to understand how in-service educators make use of their theoretical knowledge in their pedagogical practices. Critical pedagogy and inclusive pedagogy assisted the research in framing how pedagogical practices should be and what constitutes them; therefore, critical 2 pedagogy and inclusive pedagogy assisted this research in understanding how educators’ theoretical knowledge is translated into practice. This study adds to our understanding of how in-service educators are translating their knowledge of inclusive education theory, legislation, and policy into practice. The results of this undertaking have confirmed that there are challenges in translating inclusive education theories, legislation, and policy into practice due to a lack of support, large class sizes, curriculum concerns, a lack of resources, financial constraints, and the theory not taking South African context into consideration. Many research participants cited that they are conscious and knowledgeable about inclusive education; however, macrostructures made it a challenge to implement. Therefore, there is a need for access to support systems from the school and macrostructures. Also, policies and theories need to be more realistic to implement within South African classrooms.Item Investigating teachers’ experiences of support for learners with hearing impairment at a special school in Pretoria(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023-10) Molala, Lesetja Johannes; Mokala, Ntsoaki T.This inquiry explored teachers' experiences of support for learners with hearing impairment (HI) in a special school in Pretoria. Through a qualitative approach, data were collected and analysed to better understand teachers' experiences in providing appropriate instruction and support to learners with HI. Thus, using the interpretivism paradigm to inquire about the teachers support experiences for learners with HI was a logical step. I used Florian’s' theory of inclusive pedagogy to interpret the findings and draw conclusions I used qualitative methods such as interviews to collect data. A purposeful selection of participants was made to ensure the research questions were answered adequately. Thereafter, semi-structured interviews were conducted to understand each participant's perspectives in the study sample of six teachers. The interview schedule was designed to allow reflection by participants into their unique teaching experiences openly and candidly, providing invaluable insight into the dynamics of the study sample. All conversations were recorded verbatim to ensure accuracy. The recordings of the conversations were then transcribed for further analysis. This enabled me to easily recognise patterns and themes in the data. I then analysed the data to identify key themes and patterns. The findings revealed that teachers found the support they received instrumental in helping them effectively implement the curriculum and address classroom challenges. The study suggests that parents are actively involved in their children’s education which benefits all involved. In addition, the school must update its language policy to ensure that learners with HI receive instruction in sign language. Therefore, it is recommended that the school revise its language policy to incorporate sign language as a language of teaching and learning to promote learner success. To create an inclusive and equitable learning environment for all and ensure that learners with HI are supported, this policy should also be extended to include sign language in the classroom.Item Adolescents’ identity development through literature: A study of pedagogy and canon in the Grade 11 English FAL poetry classroom(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023-10) Mavhiza, Grace; Nkealah, NaomiThe aim of this study was to analyse the effect of pedagogy and canon on adolescents’ identity development in the Grade 11 English First Additional Language (FAL) poetry classroom. Despite the well-documented benefits of poetry (Femer, 2003; Pushpa & Savaedi, 2014; Antika, 2017), this study identified the problem that poetry is not realising its potential as a subject in the schools in relation to the identity development of adolescents. The school is a place where adolescents spend much of their time and there are many factors which shape adolescents’ identities within the school context. This qualitative study focused on pedagogy and canon among these many factors. The study was designed as a dual case study and set up within the interpretivism paradigm which allowed different interpretations of the data about the effect of pedagogy and canon on adolescents’ development. The complexity of the study meant a dual focused theoretical framework. Thus, the study used a combination of the theories of identity development by Erik Erikson (1963; 1968) and critical pedagogy by Paulo Freire (1970). Purposive sampling was used to identify the cases for this study. The two schools selected happen to be within Ekurhuleni District. In one school the teacher applied traditional pedagogy while in the other school the teacher employed the modern pedagogy which included multimodality, multiliteracies and new literacies. Qualitative data was collected using three tools, namely, participant observation, questionnaire, and reflective journals. Descriptive and thematic analyses of data were conducted, and the results show that there are limitations and affordances of both the traditional and modern pedagogies. In relation to the impact of the poetry pedagogy and canon on adolescents’ identity development in the Grade 11 English FAL poetry classroom, key findings reveal that traditional pedagogy takes away adolescents’ opportunities to explore their personal identities. In addition, the modern pedagogy is preferable among the Grade 11 English FAL poetry adolescents who participated in this study. The study concluded that the current Grade 11 English FAL poetry canon is alienated from the lives of adolescents who participated in this research. Learners yearn for new poetry which speaks to their daily experiences.