3. Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) - All submissions

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    The historical development of the commemoration of the June 16, 1976 Soweto students' uprisings: a study of re-representation, commemoration and collective memory
    (2015-09-02) Hlongwane, Ali Khangela
    South Africa’s post-apartheid era has, in a space of nearly two decades, experienced a massive memory boom manifest in a plethora of new memorials, monuments, museums and the renaming of streets, parks, dams and buildings. This memorialisation process is intrinsically linked to questions of power, struggles and contestation in the making and remaking of the South African nation. The questions of power, struggle and contestation manifest as a wave of debates on the place of history, collective memory, identity and social cohesion in the inception as well as the functioning of the various memorialisation projects in society. This thesis concludes that debates concerning the meaning(s) as well as the way in which the June 16, 1976 uprisings have been memorialized, has been ongoing for the last three decades, and will continue into the future. This, as the findings bear out, is because the wider contextual situating of collective memory in its intangible and tangible form is intrinsically linked to complex experiences of the past; to ongoing experiments of a “nation” in the making, as well as pressing contemporary social challenges. The thesis also concludes that questions of power, struggle and contestation also manifest as a quest for relevant idioms and aesthetics of re-representation and memorialisation. Further, the thesis makes observations on the politics behind the assembling and the assembled archive as a toolkit in the fashioning of pasts and the making of collective memory. It reflects on the processes of re-thinking and remaking of the June 16, 1976 archive. These conclusions have been arrived at through an investigation of how the memory and meaning of the June 16, 1976 uprisings have been re-constructed, re-represented and fashioned over the last three decades. This was done by tracking and analysing the complex, diverse forms and character of its memorialisation. In the process, the study arrives at a conclusion that the memorialisation of the June 16, 1976 uprisings is characterised by the multiplicity of tangible and intangible features. The intangible features are characterised by forgetting, at one level, and are, on another level, animated through rituals of commemoration, counter- commemoration and memorial debate. The memorial debate on the uprisings is that of unity and diversity, division, contestation and counter-commemoration and essentially irresolvable, as history and memory are tools to address contemporary challenges.
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    A need for foreign-language policies at tourist destinations in South Africa : Case study: 'Cradle of humankind' World Heritage Site.
    (2008-10-03T09:09:34Z) Turcato, Aurélien Roman
    This study examines the availability of translated material into foreign languages, more specifically into French, at tourist destinations in South Africa. The Cradle of Humankind is chosen to carry out a case study and to show the lack of material available in languages other than English and the subsequent need for the development of a foreign-language policy. This study attempts to show the way forward by translating Maropeng’s miniguidebook into French based on a prior analysis of the original English text following Nord’s translation-relevant text analysis model. Furthermore, this study is not an end in itself but a step toward a better representation of official South African languages as an integral part of language policies throughout the country, as suggested by the Constitution.
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    The underpinnings for successful route tourism development in South Africa
    (2008-05-26T11:08:39Z) Lourens, Marlien
    This study examines the critical success factors of route tourism development. The aim is to provide a set to practical planning guidelines to assist the successful implementation of routes on a local level. Lessons are drawn from case studies of the Camino de Santiago in Spain, the heritage trails in Queensland, Australia, Hadrian’s Wall in the United Kingdom and of the Midlands Meander in South Africa. Routes are considered important because it demonstrated to be an effective vehicle for local economic development. The evidence of their positive impact on rural economies is confirmed throughout the case studies. It is argued that the successful development of tourism routes is not an exact science and emerging destinations often have many hurdles to overcome. Through an analysis of these four case studies, the study explores the elements of themed routes that constitute successful destinations and highlights the importance of planning, promotion and institutional development.
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    Community-based natural resources management (CBNRM) and tourism: The Nata Bird Sanctuary Project, Central District, Botswana
    (2007-02-14T10:46:51Z) Stone, Moren Tibabo
    The research assesses the impacts of Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) and tourism upon community livelihoods, local behaviour and wildlife conservation. The research aims to analyze whether CBNRM is working as it is intended as well as to assess the socio-economic status of the community in terms of whether the CBNRM project has influenced their livelihoods for the better, than when the project was non-existent. The research findings indicate that CBNRM projects can deliver in terms of improvement of rural local community’s livelihoods and natural resources management. However, a lack of understanding of the CBNRM concept, lack of entrepreneurships and managerial skills, poor participation by general membership, poor distribution of the income benefits and lack of consultation to the project’s community membership by the project management are some of the constraints and challenges that emerge from the case study of the Nata Bird Sanctuary CBNRM project.
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    CONTRIBUTION OF TOURISM TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT OF BLACK-OWNED SMALL, MEDIUM AND MICRO ENTERPRISES (SMMEs) IN POST APARTHEID SOUTH AFRICA: AN EVALUATION OF TOUR OPERATORS
    (2006-03-22) Nemasetoni, Irene
    The purpose of the research report is to investigate the role that tourism plays in developing black-owned small enterprises and how it has contributed towards Black Economic Empowerment in the ten-year period between 1994 and 2004. The research drew from the aims of the Tourism White Paper and sought to review the problems and progress in transforming the tourism industry in South Africa and establish whether black entrepreneurs are making headways into an industry that can potentially change racial imbalance in economic control. The research was conducted among 40 black tour operators based mainly in Gauteng using a questionnaire. The report established that black tour operators, because of their previously disadvantaged background, are struggling to make an impact into the seemingly white-dominated industry.
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    The Socio-Economic Impacts of Nature-based Tourism: The case study of Bakgatla ba-ga Kgafela in the Pilanesberg National Park
    (2006-03-20) Motlhanke, Simon Goitsimodimo
    This research explores the socio-economic impact of nature-based tourism on surrounding communities in the Pilanesberg National Park (PNP). The study pays particular attention to the Bakgatla community. The study looks at issues of employment creation, and the participation of the community in the management of the park. Of particular importance here is whether, PNP generates employment and income making opportunities for neighbouring communities, most notably, the Bakgatla. The level at which the Bakgatla are involved in decision-making processes of the park is closely scrutinised. Notwithstanding the obvious limitations with regard to the kinds and number of jobs that PNP, as an attraction is able to generate in the area, the study reveals a significant contribution that the park makes in this regard. Lodges serve as the major sources of employment recruitment in the PNP. The bulk of the recruits are mainly people from surrounding communities except in cases where required skills are not available locally. Concerning the question of participation, the study shows that more still need to be done in terms of broadening the concept to include and reflect diverse interests groups within the community. The concept of community participation also needs to be defined beyond mere ‘trickling down’ of benefits to the community, to imply real empowerment. The latter relates to the question of sustainability, which could effectively be realised through meaningful involvement of the community groups and individuals in the making of decisions, and policies affecting their lives.
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