3. Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) - All submissions
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Item Relationship between economic wellbeing and risky sexual behaviour among 14-35 year old women in Limpopo Province, South Africa(2010-04-20T08:30:40Z) Nyamboli, Mirabel AkwaObjective The study examined the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and risky sexual behaviour in young women living in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. Methods Quantitative data were drawn from the 2001–2005 Intervention with Microfinance and Gender Equity Study. The analyses were restricted to 705 sexually active young women aged 14–35 years. Logistic regression models were employed to assess the effect of socioeconomic status (estimated from household asset index and employment status, on risky sexual behaviours). Odds ratios (OR), adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) are reported. Results After controlling for the potential confounding effects of wealth perception, age, level of education, marital status, birth control and HIV knowledge; there was no statistically significant association between asset index, or employment status and most of the risky sexual behaviours. However, students were significantly more likely to have experienced first sex at or before age 17 years (AOR: 3.80, 95% CI: 2.63, 6.11), and significantly less likely to have had more than three lifetime sex partners (AOR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.29, 0.78). Discussion Given that age had emerged as a definite predictor of the sexual behaviours that were significantly associated with being a student, and that 75% of the students were aged 14-19 years, it is possible that the associations may be due to an age effect, or a cohort effect. That aside, the results suggest that women in general are equally at risk of HIV infection, hence further research is needed to determine other factors that enhance young rural women’s vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. Conclusion The study did not show any strong evidence to suggest that socio-economic status is associated with risky sexual behaviour. The findings underscore the need to re-examine the assumption that poverty drives risky sexual behaviour so that efforts to ensure that HIV prevention messages get across all strata of society. However, it is possible that SES as used in this study did not differentiate people well enough to be able to identify factors associated with risky sexual behaviour. It is recommended that more research be done to establish how other major factors besides wealth may enhance the vulnerability of women to HIV/AIDS. The current study however contributes to the growing evidence that the relationship between wealth and HIV/AIDS is either exaggerated or is very complex and should be considered when designing new policies, programs and interventions to alleviate the growing HIV incidenceItem Assessing the determinants of sexual risk-behaviour amongst young men in rural South Africa to inform male-oriented HIV prevention programming(2009-05-04T11:20:33Z) Anifowoshe-Kehinde, Adebimpe WasilatNo abstract or preliminary pages submitted on diskItem Beyond adolescents : The study of sexual behaviour of middle-aged men in Nigeria(2008-12-01T11:32:00Z) Atolagbe, Afolabi SulaimonStudies on sexual behaviour in Nigeria have rather been lopsided largely focussing on adolescents while neglecting the older men. This may not be unconnected with the fact that the young people are often seen as being more sexually active than the older men. In this study, the patterns and the determinants of sexual behaviour of middle-aged men were investigated. This study is based on secondary data analysis of the 2003 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey male dataset. Data collected from a sample of 633 men whose ages fall between 40 and 59 years in Nigeria were extracted and analysed to achieve the set objectives. The variables of interest were analysed by using relevant statistical techniques with the aid of SAS enterprise guide. Sexual behaviour was measured by three variables namely: current sexual activity, extra marital partnership and condom use. Also, three hypotheses were tested. The Health Belief Model (HBM) was the theoretical model used for this study. The study shows that a high proportion of men (71.2%) aged 40-59 years in Nigeria are sexually active. The study further reveals that about 12% of Nigerian middle-aged men engage in extramarital sex and 30% are in polygynous relationships (i.e. have multiple sex partners) while condom use is very low among them. Extramarital sex is more prevalent in the rural (7.05%) than urban (4.5%) areas. The study shows that the correlates of current sexual activity among the middle-aged men in Nigeria are education and religion while engagement in extramarital sexual activity is determined by ethnicity, age at first intercourse and knowledge of HIV/AIDS. Among the sexually active ones, condom use is influenced by ethnicity, marriage type and extramarital partnership. The sexual behaviour of middle-aged men in Nigeria follows the pattern described in the HBM. That is, individual, socio-economic and HIV/AIDS factors can influence the sexual behaviour of Middle-aged men. The study concludes that in addressing the problems associated with sexual and reproductive health of Nigerian, focus should also be extended to middle-aged men, instead of the narrow focus on only adolescents and youths. Further investigation, using multiple methods of data collection is also suggested.Item Migration, sexual behaviour, and human immunodeficiency virus infection in rural South Africa(2008-03-11T10:52:37Z) Lumfwa, Louis Adolf MuzingaABSTRACT HIV has been linked to many risk factors such as sexual behaviour, gender, gender based violence, poverty, migration, conflicts, sexually transmitted diseases and circumcision. In this project, the role played by migration was particularly underscored. The aim of the study was to estimate and to compare the prevalence of HIV infection among migrants and non-migrants and to investigate whether migration leads to increased high risk sexual behaviour among migrant workers aged between 14 and 35 years from Limpopo Province. This study was based on a secondary data analysis from a large community intervention study. A random sample of 2860 participants were selected in a cross sectional study after pair matching a community of villages set for an intervention. Data were collected using a questionnaire in English with a version in Sotho. HIV test was performed on oral fluid using Vironostika HIV Uniform oral fluid. The study was approved by Wits University and Informed consent was previously obtained by the original study. Stata was used for the statistical analyses of the data. This study found that the HIV prevalence among migrants was not statistically different from the prevalence among non-migrants (10.04% versus 10.97%; p = 0.662), that the slight association between migration and HIV infection was not significant (Adjusted OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 0.7 – 2.01) (p = 0.520). There was no association between migration and sexual behaviour such as sexual experience, age at first sexual relationship, have ever had sexual relationship and used a condom. However the study showed an association between migration and the number of sexual partners. These striking findings suggest that migration does not always lead to an increased risk of HIV infection even though it can lead to an increase of number of sexual partners. The study concludes that migration did not prove to be a risk factor for HIV infection. However, other underlying structural factors need to be examined for a better understanding of the conditions that lead to HIV infection. It recommends interventions that cover information (Knowledge, attitude and belief), risk perception and change of sexual behaviour.Item Adolescent sexual behaviour in Navrongo: Does family count?(2007-02-21T13:17:19Z) Muindi, KanyivaIn the face of diminishing traditional controls on adolescent sexual behaviour, parents are becoming the focal point of guidance on sexual issues. The main objective of the study is to establish if residing with one’s parents has any effect on one’s sexual behaviour among adolescents in the Kassena-Nankana District of Northern Ghana. A sample of 7056 adolescents aged between 10 and 24 years were interviewed between April and October 2003 while the 2004 household socio-economic data was used to generate a household wealth index. Females are less likely to have had sex (AOR 0.75; CI: 0.63; 0.88) and also less likely to initiate sex before age 16 (AOR 0.30; CI: 0.21; 0.43) compared to males. Living with one’s father only is associated with a 36% decrease in the likelihood of having had sex among males (AOR 0.64; CI: 0.42; 0.96) compared to living with both parents. Females living with neither parent were 76% more likely to have had sex than those living with both parents (AOR 1.76; CI: 1.21; 2.55). Discussion of sexual matters with parents increased the likelihood of initiating sex. Family structure is an important predictor of sexual behaviour among adolescents and therefore should be considered when designing and implementing interventions. Longitudinal and qualitative studies are recommended