School of Oral Health Sciences
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Item Social class and dental caries in 11-12-year-old South African schoolchildren(1989) Cleaton-Jones, P.; Hargreaves, J. A.; Williams, S. D. L.; et al.The objective of this study was to examine effects of social class on dental caries in five African populations. Definitions of social class that could be used for the different ethnic groups are outlined. A total of 1 154 children from rural black, urban black, urban Indian, urban coloured and urban white groups were clinically examined and classified into social class by parental occupations. Within group comparisons showed no statistically significant differences in DMFT or DMFS scores by social class. Comparison of the urban white children to a similar group in South Wales showed slightly lower caries in South African children of similar social class. The complexity of the different ethnic groups in South Africa, in respect of social classification, is difficult to assess for comparison with social systems in developed countries. It is recommended that an appropriate social classification be developed for South Africa ’s developed/developing population mixture. Also as we enter the 1990’s sound baseline caries data need to be collected for longitudinal evaluation of changes in the disease patternItem Hypocalcification and hypoplasia in primary teeth of pre-school children from different ethnic groups in South Africa(1989) Hargreaves, J. A.; Cleaton-Jones, P. E.; Roberts, G. J.; Et alA study was completed in 1985/86 which examined the dental health of pre-school children from different ethnic groups and communities in South Africa: rural black, urban black, urban colored, urban Indian, and urban white. Enamel defects were recorded in primary teeth by use of the HHI, an index developed to measure hypocalcification and hypoplasia of enamel. The findings showed that colored children had the greatest number of enamel defects. The teeth most commonly affected were the maxillary anterior teeth and mandibular molar teeth. It is suggested that further epidemiological studies utilizing the HHI should be undertaken in pre-school children, especially from developing countries, to gain more information on the causes of enamel defects in the primary dentition and the possible use of such findings to predict nutritional health of individuals.Item Examiner performance with visual, probing and FOTI caries diagnosis in the primary dentition(2001) Cleaton-Jones, P.; Daya, N.; Hargreaves, J. A.; et al.To compare clinical reproducibility of dental caries diagnosis in the primary dentition under field conditions, a convenience sample of 5-year-old children in a nursery school in Germiston, was examined for dental caries by four dentists using visual (mirror), visual plus tactile (mirror plus probe) and fibre-optic transillumination (FOTI) methods. Seventeen children were examined on day one and 11 re-examined on day two. Inter-examiner agreement was high, above 90%. Visual examination on its own is comparable with the traditional visual plus tactile method and to FOTI under field conditions. New caries data collected by visual diagnosis alone may, reasonably, be compared with historical data diagnosed with visual + tactile examination.