Electronic Theses and Dissertations (Masters)

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Subject: search.filters.subject.SDG-4: Quality education

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    Exploring the challenges to drone-aided inspections in construction site management
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2024-09) Khorombi, Shadrack; Terblanche, Rolien
    The construction industry, marked by its complexity and evolving standards, demands attention and commitment to quality. To guarantee that works are going according to plan, standards and regulations, in terms of quality and compliance, routine inspection strategies are implemented as an intrinsic part of the project management plan. Construction inspections are generally performed as a contractual obligation to enable an independent view of construction works and their progress for key stakeholders and the client. However, traditional inspection techniques are generally laborious and risky. Inspectors are often exposed to exterior elements; unfavourable conditions; intrinsic risks. Despite all of this, inspectors are still unable to obtain in-depth information on some of the surfaces due the inability to access surfaces or structures to optimal proximity. Drone technology has been proposed as an alternative method to traditional inspection for safer and more efficient inspections. This study endeavoured to explore key challenges to the implementation of drone technology for construction inspections. The methodological approach that the researcher adopted to achieve the research aim encompassed a qualitative method with document analysis, case study and interviews selected as data collection strategies. Techniques to gather empirical information required included observations and semi-structured interview questions. To present findings that are valid, reliable and generalisable, NVivo software was used as a data analysis tool where content analysis and thematic analysis were employed as data analysis strategies. The utilisation of qualitative, inductive case studies within an interpretivist paradigm was considered necessary to contextualise and deepen the understanding of the nature and occurrence of the challenges impeding key role players from full adoption of drone technology for construction site inspection processes. Key findings entail the lack of capital and resource allocation, concerns about transparency and contractual accountability, and the need for clear evidence of return on investment. Technical complexity, disruption to site activities, lack of interest from key stakeholders, capacity issues, and connectivity issues were also uncovered as challenges in the adoption of drone-aided inspections. Additionally, the findings encompassed strategies to overcome challenges impeding the optimal use of drones in construction projects. This study evaluates the current state and potential for drone technology adoption within the South African construction industry, highlighting practical challenges encountered during actual deployments. By proposing solutions such as streamlining regulatory processes and enhancing stakeholder collaboration, the research offers valuable pathways to optimise drone technology implementation during construction documentation and management.
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    An assessment of the necessity of implementing a blockchain based land registry in South Africa
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2024-08) Jeram, Deelan; Saghatforoush, Ehsan; Azasu, Samuel
    Background statement: Several nations have recently implemented blockchain-based land management systems, focusing on land registration, titling, recordation, and information management, to enhance transparency, trust, data security, data quality, and immutability through consensus mechanisms. This technology streamlines access and tracking of land records, reducing fraud, corruption, record manipulation, and property resale while lowering transaction costs. These advantages aim to address issues of inefficient and untrustworthy land records in less developed countries. Problem: South Africa faces challenges, ranking 108 out of 190 in property registration according to the World Bank, with lengthy procedures (7), extended transaction times (23 days), and high costs (8% of property value). In contrast, blockchain-adopting countries like Sweden and Georgia are ranked at 9 and 5, respectively. Despite these inefficiencies blockchain technology has not yet made an inroad into the land registration or transaction process. Aim – The aim of this study is to investigate the potential use of blockchain technology to digitize land registration in South Africa. Methods: This paper investigates a blockchain property registry pilot project in Khayelitsha, South Africa, using Peled's theoretical framework and employs qualitative research methodologies, including case study analysis and expert interviews, supplemented by a systematic literature review. Outcomes: The study reveals significant challenges in South Africa's land registration, including unreliable land records, informal land tenure systems, limited access for marginalized communities, corruption, weak legal frameworks, post-colonial property rights legacy, and inefficient real estate transactions. Despite the promise of blockchain, these issues persist, hindering progress. Eight key factors obstruct blockchain adoption in South Africa's land registry, including legal barriers, organizational resistance, technological hurdles, resource constraints, political and social factors, and trust-related issues. The case study identifies additional obstacles, such as misalignment of interests, lack of formal agreements, data quality issues, and further legal barriers. Nonetheless, the pilot project managed to create a "pseudo title deed" with potential benefits for the city. This study suggests the application of blockchain in state-subsidized housing developments to enhance data security and enable electronic land transactions. It emphasizes the need for a combination of expertise, infrastructure readiness, and procedural changes to facilitate innovation in the public sector. Despite the potential, the study concludes that South Africa's land registry is not yet prepared for widespread blockchain implementation, citing legal, technological, and organizational challenges. Significance: This research is the first to explore the limited adoption of blockchain technology for land registration in South Africa, contributing valuable insights to the field. This paper identifies critical factors for successful blockchain-based property registry implementation, offering insights for legislation, policy development, and land registration system design to address inequalities and improve land tenure in developing countries. It outlines a potential path for South Africa's Deeds Registry to implement blockchain technology in state-subsidized housing developments.