Electronic Theses and Dissertations (Masters)

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Browsing Electronic Theses and Dissertations (Masters) by SDG "SDG-17: Partnerships for the goals"

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    Cost utility analysis of long acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) as an alternative to long acting beta agonists (labas) for treatment of severe COPD in the South African public sector
    (2024) Thompson, Peggy
    Objective- The study purposed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of Tiotropium, compared with Salmeterol and Indacaterol for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients within the South African public sector. Methods- A global Markov model was adapted for the local setting and developed in Microsoft Excel. Transition probabilities and data on costs, resource use and effectiveness were obtained from literature. Outcomes were calculated for 3-years in the base case, then extrapolated over a 10-year and lifetime time horizon. A 5% discounting rate was applied according to local guidelines. Cost-effectiveness was estimated as the incremental cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY). One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to consider model uncertainty. Results- When compared with Indacaterol (300µg), Tiotropium was dominant (less costly and more effective) across all time horizons. Conversely, Tiotropium was not cost-effective when compared with Indacaterol (150µg) and dominated by Salmeterol over the 3- and 10-year time horizons. The resulting ICURs exceeded the estimated willingness to pay thresholds for all scenarios. The deterministic sensitivity analysis revealed the new intervention cost and utility for mild COPD impacted most on intervention cost effectiveness. Conclusion- Tiotropium was deemed not cost-effective at the proposed price, when compared to usual care for COPD. A price reduction should be considered, to determine the feasibility of displacing existing maintenance therapies. Indacaterol 150µg appeared more cost-effective at the current price and effectiveness demonstrated.
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    Understanding the roles and experiences of key stakeholders involved in the design of the novel imagine social outcomes-based contract in South Africa
    (2024) Moodley, Gillian Pryadarshini
    The Imagine Social Outcomes-Based Contract (SOBC) is an innovative health financing mechanism in South Africa applied to sexual and reproductive health outcomes of adolescent girls and young women. The Imagine SOBC is led by the South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) and supported by other stakeholders. Its uniqueness stems from the role played by the SAMRC, as an intermediary on behalf of the South African government. Eleven semi-structured interviews were held with stakeholders who played intermediary, technical advisor, and implementation service provider roles during the Imagine SOBC design phase. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using the six steps of thematic analysis. The thematic findings of this study are the dynamics of working together, politics and processes, challenges and looking to the future. Despite internal collaboration and alignment among interviewees, the biggest challenge during the design phase of the Imagine SOBC was obtaining approvals from the government departments due to complex approval processes in the public sector. The lessons generated are important as the SAMRC intends to replicate the outcomes-based contract model for other disease priorities. These findings are valuable for policymakers and future outcomes-based contract practitioners who are considering a transaction of this nature and its application to public health. The findings will also assist in the development of a guiding practice note for policymakers and government officials who grant approvals.