Browsing by Author "Karine Scheuermaier"

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
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    Adolescent sleep health in Africa: a scoping review protocol
    (2023-08-17) Oluwatosin Eunice Olorunmoteni; F Xavier Gómez-Olivé; Biliamin O Popoola; Adesegun Olayiwola Fatusi; Karine Scheuermaier
    Introduction Problematic sleep is a major threat to health and quality of life among adolescents. Hence, to provide directions for research and interventions, there is a need to examine the literature on adolescent sleep health in Africa. However, available studies on adolescent sleep health in Africa have not been properly mapped. Thus, this scoping review aims to investigate the extent and type of available evidence concerning sleep health among adolescents in Africa and to highlight the relationship of adolescent sleep health with adverse mental health outcomes and cardiometabolic risk factors. The review will further highlight areas of agreement and controversies on adolescent sleep health, and identify evidence gaps that require research attention across the continent. Methods and analysis This scoping review will be conducted using Arksey and O’Malley’s six-step procedure. Thus, we have prepared this protocol according to the framework for scoping reviews developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. To identify eligible studies, we will search MEDLINE, Scopus, PsycINFO, AJOL, JSTOR, HINARI and Google Scholar. The review will include all published articles in English, French, Spanish, Portuguese and Italian languages on adolescent sleep health in Africa from the inception of the databases, while relevant information will be extracted from included studies using an adapted data extraction tool. The results will be presented using tables and charts as appropriate. Ethics and dissemination The scoping review does not require ethical approval because the publications to be used for the review are publicly available and the study does not involve contact with humans or other animals as research participants. Furthermore, clinical records will not be used for the study. Upon completion, findings from the study will be disseminated through presentations at scientific meetings and publication in a relevant peer reviewed journal.
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    Chronotype Genetic Variant in PER2 is Associated with Intrinsic Circadian Period in Humans
    Anne-Marie Chang; J Duffy; Orfeu M Buxton; J Lane; Karine Scheuermaier; E et al
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    Delayed circadian rhythms in older Africans living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
    (2022-10-24) Kirsten N. Redman; Katie E. O'Brien; Francieli S. Ruiz; Dale E. Rae; F. Xavier Gómez‐Olivé; Malcolm von Schantz; Karine Scheuermaier
    The increasing number of people living with human immunodeficiency virus, HIV, (PLWH) have an elevated incidence of risk for noncommunicable comorbidities, the aetiology of which remains incompletely understood. While sleep disturbances are often reported in PLWH, it is unknown to what extent they relate to changes in the circadian and/or sleep homeostatic processes. We studied the relationship between sleep characteristics, circadian phase, and HIV status in older adults from the HAALSI (Health and Ageing in Africa: a Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in South Africa) subsample of the Agincourt Health and Demographic Surveillance System in South Africa (n = 187, 36 human immunodeficiency virus positive [HIV+], age: 66.7 ± 11.5 years, range 45—93 years), where HIV prevalence is high and (in contrast to the global north) does not associate significantly with potentially confounding behavioural differences. In participants with valid actigraphy data (n = 172), regression analyses adjusted for age and sex indicated that HIV+ participants had slightly later sleep onset (β = .16, p = .039), earlier sleep offset times (β = −.16, p = .049) and shorter total sleep times (β = −.20, p = .009) compared to the HIV negative (HIV−) participants. In a subset of participants (n = 51, 11 HIV+), we observed a later dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) in HIV+ (21:16 ± 01:47) than in HIV− (20:06 ± 00:58) participants (p = .006). This substantial difference remained when adjusted for age and sex (β = 1.21; p = .006). In 36 participants (6 HIV+) with DLMO and actigraphy data, median phase angle of entrainment was −6 min in the HIV+ group and +1 h 25 min in the HIV− group. DLMO time correlated with sleep offset (ρ = 0.47, p = .005) but not sleep onset (ρ = −0.086, p = .623). Collectively, our data suggest that the sleep phase occurred earlier than what would be biologically optimal among the HIV+ participants. This is the first report of a mistimed circadian phase in PLWH, which has important potential implications for their health and well‐being, especially given the well‐ established relationships between circadian asynchrony and sleep deprivation with poorer health outcomes.
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    Influence of shift work on cardiovascular disease risk in Southern African longdistance truck drivers a crosssectional study
    M Draaijer; Karine Scheuermaier; Samanta Lalla-Edward; Alex Fischer; Diederick E Grobbee; Francois Venter; Alinda Vos
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    Multidimensions of sleep health among inschool adolescents in rural and urban areas in southwestern Nigeria
    Oluwatosin Olorunmoteni; Francesc Gomez-Olive Casas; A Fatusi; Karine Scheuermaier
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    Sleep disturbances in HIV infection and their biological basis
    (2021-11-20) Katie E. O'Brien; Natalie E. Riddell; F. Xavier Gomez-Oliv; Dale E. Rae; Karine Scheuermaier; Malcolm von Schantz
    Antiretroviral therapy has significantly reduced morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV (PLWH). However, a direct consequence of higher survival is the development of ageing-related comorbidities that have considerable potential to affect quality of life. Sleep disturbances in PLWH are a significant source of morbidity. A meta-analysis has estimated the prevalence of self-reported sleep disturbances in PLWH to be 58%, with commonly identified disturbances including insomnia, obstructive sleep apnoea and poor sleep quality. Not only do sleep disturbances impair daytime functioning, but chronic sleep disruption also associates with metabolic dysregulation and cardiometabolic disease. Therefore, an understanding of the pathogenesis of sleep disturbances in PLWH is important for reducing morbidity and improving quality of life. Several pathophysiological processes in HIV infection may cause sleep-wake dysregulation. In early infection stages, immunological changes such as expression of sleeppromoting cytokines could mediate sleep disturbances. Long term, chronic immune activation, in addition to side effects of antiretroviral therapy, may impact sleep homeostasis more severely, for example through increasing the risk of obstructive sleep apnoea. These sleep disturbances may further contribute to an inflammatory state, due to the bi-directional relationship between sleep and immunity. In summary, further elucidating the link between HIV, immune activation, and sleep is an underexplored avenue for minimising population morbidity and mortality
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