Browsing by Author "Daramola, M."
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Item Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties of South African Cashew Apple Juice as a Biofuel Feedstock.(Hindawi Publishing Corp, 2015) Deenanath, E.D.; Rumbold, K.; Daramola, M.; Falcon, R.; Iyuke, S.Cashew apple juice (CAJ) is one of the feedstocks used for biofuel production and ethanol yield depends on the physical and chemical properties of the extracted juice. As far as can be ascertained, information on physical and chemical properties of South African cashew apple juice is limited in open literature. Therefore, this study provides information on the physical and chemical properties of the South African cashew apple juice. Physicochemical characteristics of the juice, such as specific gravity, pH, sugars, condensed tannins, Vitamin C, minerals, and total protein, were measured from a mixed variety of cashew apples. Analytical results showed the CAJ possesses specific gravity and pH of 1.050 and 4.52, respectively. The highest sugars were glucose (40.56 gL(-1)) and fructose (57.06 gL(-1)). Other chemical compositions of the juice were condensed tannin (55.34 mgL(-1)), Vitamin C (112mg/100 mL), and total protein (1.78 gL(-1)). The minerals content was as follows: zinc (1.39 ppm), copper (2.18 ppm), magnesium (4.32 ppm), iron (1.32 ppm), sodium (5.44 ppm), and manganese (1.24 ppm). With these findings, South African CAJ is a suitable biomass feedstock for ethanol production.Item Synthesis and performance evaluation of PESchitosan membranes coated with polyamide for acid mine drainage treatment(Nature Research, 2019-12-01) Mathaba, M.; Daramola, M.In this article, performance evaluation of PES membrane infused with chitosan and coated with polyamide layer for treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) is reported. PES/chitosan membranes were fabricated by varying chitosan concentration (0, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 wt%) using phase inversion method. PES/chitosan membranes were coated with polyamide (PA) via co-solvent assisted interfacial polymerization technique (CAIP). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle analysis show that chitosan and polyamide could enhance permeability without affecting rejection of the membrane. The permeability was improved with increasing chitosan content. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was used to quantitatively determine cations in the permeate and the sulphate ions were analysed using ultraviolet and visible (UV-VIS) spectrophotometer. Pure water flux of PES/PA membrane was significantly improved from 56 to 93 l/m2.hr with 1 wt% chitosan addition. Cation rejection (90.4, 88.3, 89.3 and 75.7% for Mn2+,Fe2+, Mg2+ and Ca2+, respectively) was observed to be higher than anion rejection (56.33% for SO4 2−), when chitosan content was 0.75 wt%. These results indicate that the positively charged membranes under acidic condition had strong repulsive forces with the cations than attractions forces with anions. Polyethersulphone membrane modified with chitosan and coated with polyamide layer displayed potential for application in treatment of AMD.