T‑cell responses to ancestral SARS‑CoV‑2 and Omicron variant among unvaccinated pregnant and postpartum women living with and without HIV in South Africa

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dc.contributor.authorMadhi, Shabir A.
dc.contributor.authorMcMahon, William C.
dc.contributor.authorKwatra, Gaurav
dc.contributor.authorIzu, Alane
dc.contributor.authorJones, Stephanie A.
dc.contributor.authorMbele, Nkululeko J.
dc.contributor.authorJafta, Nwabisa
dc.contributor.authorLala, Rushil
dc.contributor.authorShalekof, Sharon
dc.contributor.authorTiemessen, Caroline T.
dc.contributor.authorNunes, Marta C.
dc.date.accessioned2024-10-03T06:43:00Z
dc.date.available2024-10-03T06:43:00Z
dc.date.issued2024-09
dc.description.abstractSARS-CoV-2 cell-mediated immunity remains understudied during pregnancy in unvaccinated Black African women living with HIV (WLWH) from low- and middle-income countries. We investigated SARS-CoV-2-specifc T-cell responses 1 month following infection in 24 HIV-uninfected women and 15 WLWH at any stage during pregnancy or postpartum. The full-length spike (FLS) glycoprotein and nucleocapsid (N) protein of wild-type (WT) SARS-CoV-2, as well as mutated spike protein regions found in the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) were targeted by flow cytometry. WT-specific CD4+and CD8+T cells elicited similar FLS- and N-specific responses in HIV-uninfected women and WLWH. SARS-CoV 2-specifc T-lymphocytes were predominantly TNF-α monofunctional in pregnant and postpartum women living with and without HIV, with fever cells producing either IFN-γ or IL-2. Furthermore, T-cell responses were unaffected by Omicron-specific spike mutations as similar responses between Omicron and the ancestral virus were detected for CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Our results collectively demonstrate comparable T-cell responses between WLWH on antiretroviral therapy and HIV-uninfected pregnant and postpartum women who were naïve to Covid-19 vaccination. Additionally, we show that T cells from women infected with the ancestral virus, Beta variant (B.1.351), or Delta variant (B.1.617.2) can cross-recognize Omicron, suggesting an overall preservation of T-cell immunity.
dc.description.sponsorshipBill & Melinda Gates Foundation [Grant Number INV-017282].
dc.description.sponsorshipSouth African Medical Research Council [ [Grant Number SHIP NCD 96756].
dc.description.sponsorshipPoliomyelitis Research Foundation [Grant Number 22/82]
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Research Foundation of South Africa [Grant Number PMDS2205067384].
dc.description.sponsorshipSouth African Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Innovation/National Research Foundation of South Africa [Grant Number 84177].
dc.description.submitterPM2024
dc.facultyFaculty of Health Sciences
dc.identifier0000-0002-7629-0636
dc.identifier.citationMcMahon, W. C., Kwatra, G., Izu, A., Jones, S. A., Mbele, N. J., Jafta, N., Lala, R., Shalekoff, S., Tiemessen, C. T., Madhi, S. A., & Nunes, M. C. (2024). T-cell responses to ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron variant among unvaccinated pregnant and postpartum women living with and without HIV in South Africa. Scientific reports, 14(1), 20348. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-70725-8
dc.identifier.issn2045-2322 (online)
dc.identifier.other10.1038/s41598-024-70725-8
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10539/41330
dc.journal.titleNature Portfolio
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherNature Research
dc.relation.ispartofseriesVol. 14; a20348
dc.rights© The Author(s) 2024. Open Access, This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
dc.schoolSchool of Public Health
dc.subjectT- Cell
dc.subjectSARS‑CoV‑2
dc.subjectOmicron variant
dc.subjectPregnant women
dc.subjectPostpartum women
dc.subjectHIV
dc.subjectSouth Africa
dc.subject.otherSDG-3: Good health and well-being
dc.titleT‑cell responses to ancestral SARS‑CoV‑2 and Omicron variant among unvaccinated pregnant and postpartum women living with and without HIV in South Africa
dc.typeArticle
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