Shock-induced flow through a pipe gap

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dc.contributor.authorKapfudzaruwa, Simbarashe
dc.date.accessioned2016-10-11T12:11:43Z
dc.date.available2016-10-11T12:11:43Z
dc.date.issued2016-10-11
dc.descriptionA dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in ful lment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering. Johannesburg, April 2016en_ZA
dc.description.abstractAn explosive event in an industrial gas transmission pipe stresses the pipe and can result in pipe rupture and separation at weak points. A shock wave results propagating from the high pressure section of the pipe, through the gap and to the low pressure section. The present study simulates numerically and experimentally the resulting ow eld at the position of pipe separation and propagation conditions in both pipe sections. The e ects of gap width, gap geometry and shock Mach number variation are investigated. Shock Mach numbers of 1.34, 1.45,1.60 and 2.2, gap widths of 40mm to 310mm were used. All variations of boundary conditions were found to have an e ect on the propagation conditions as well as the development of the ow features within the gap. The variation of the gap geometry was done for a pipe gap and a anged gap experimentally. Extended geometries were simulated numerically. For the pipe gap, the incident shock wave accelerated the gas in the upstream pipe to high subsonic speeds and continued in the downstream pipe at a much reduced strength. A strong expansion propagated into the ow in the upstream pipe causing a signi cant pressure drop from the initial post-shock pressure. Expansion waves at the out ow resulted in supersonic speeds as the ow entered the gap for Mach 1.45 and 1.6. A notable feature was the formation of a standing shock at the inlet to the downstream pipe. In addition to the standing shock, shock cells of alternating shocks and expansions developed within the gap essentially controlling the propagation conditions in the downstream pipe. For the lower Mach number of 1.3, no sharp discontinuities were noticed. The e ect of the gap width was found on the nature of the shock cells within the gap. The propagation conditions in the downstream pipe showed that the pressure is initially unsteady but becomes more uniform, controlled by the developed wave system in the gap. For the anged gap case, the ow within the gap is con ned for much longer and hence produced much more intense and complex ow feature interactions and an earlier transition of the ow to turbulence. Numerical investigations for a burst pipe gap, for a gap with a di erent diameter downstream pipe and a gap with a 90-degree bend downstream pipe produced peculiar ow features.en_ZA
dc.description.librarianMT2016en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10539/21159
dc.language.isoenen_ZA
dc.subject.lcshPipelines--Fluid dynamics.
dc.subject.lcshShock waves
dc.subject.lcshPipelines--Effect of temperature on
dc.titleShock-induced flow through a pipe gapen_ZA
dc.typeThesisen_ZA
ddi.keywordPipe gap
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