2. Academic Wits University Research Outputs (All submissions)

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Subject: search.filters.subject.COVID-19

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    The Novel Coronavirus and Haemostatic abnormalities pathophysiology clinical manifesttations and treatment recommendations
    Susan Louw; Barry Jacobson; Elizabeth Mayne; Tracey Wiggill
    The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-C0V-2 virus, was initially considered and managed in a similar manner to the previous SARS epidemic as they are both caused by coronaviruses. What has now become apparent is that a major cause of morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 is abnormal thrombosis. This thrombosis occurs on a macro- and microvascular level and is unique to this disease. The virus has been demonstrated in the endothelium of the pulmonary alveoli and as such is thought to contribute to the devastating respiratory complications encountered. D-dimer concentrations are frequently raised in COVID to levels not frequently seen previously. The optimal anticoagulation treatment in COVID remains to be determined, and the myriad of pathophysiologic effects caused by this virus in the human host have also yet to be fully elucidated.
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    Overview of the Haematological effects of COVID19 infection
    Wiggill, Tracey M.; Mayne, Elizabeth S.; Vaughan, Jenifer L.; Louw, Susan
    From its early origins, COVID-19 has spread extensively and was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization in March of 2020. Although initially thought to be predominantly a respiratory infection, more recent evidence points to a multisystem systemic disease which is associated with numerous haematological and immunological disturbances in addition to its other effects. Here we review the current knowledge on the haematological effects of COVID-19.
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    Gauteng going dark: How nighttime light intensity changed during early stages of lockdown
    (Gauteng City-Region Obervatory, 2020-07-21) Naidoo, Yashena; Maree, Gillian
    The COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa has had far reaching impacts on society and the economy. A national disaster was declared on 15 March 2020 and by 26 March 2020 strong restrictive measures were put in place to manage the spread of the disease. The tightest restrictions were in place for lockdown level 5 which lasted from 26 March 2020 until the end of April 2020. During level 5 all movement was restricted and only essential workers were permitted to work. The country's borders were closed; interprovincial movement was banned; all gatherings except for small funerals were prohibited and schools, restaurants and non-essential businesses were closed. With movement restricted, activity was confined largely to domestic spaces. In the July 2020 Map of the month, we use nighttime satellite data to see whether night light intensity across the Gauteng City-Region reflects the impact of lockdown. We looked at how light intensity changed from before lockdown (March 2020) to lockdown level 5 (April 2020). In the full write up, we also show a second map of the difference between level 5 night light brightness (April 2020) and level 4 brightness (May 2020). The maps show a clear dimming of light intensity which resulted from reduced nighttime activity during the various lockdown levels. Roads were noticeably darker with far less vehicle traffic on main highways and many areas with usually vibrant activity at night were darker. As restrictions have eased, light intensity and nighttime activity have increased again across the GCR.
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    Mapping vulnerability to COVID-19 in Gauteng
    (Gauteng City-Region Observatory: Map of the Month, March 2020, 2020-03-20) de Kadt, Julia; Gotz, Graeme; Hamann, Christian; Maree, Gillian; Parker, Alexandra
    The world is reeling as COVID-19 infections spread. This Map of the Month aids an understanding of the localised risk factors that might contribute to transmission of COVID-19, or amplify its health and socio-economic impacts in Gauteng communities. It explores two key themes: (1) the multiple risk factors to maintaining social distance and preventative hygiene; and (2) the multiple risk factors for health and socio-economic vulnerability during an outbreak or broader shutdown.
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