2. Academic Wits University Research Outputs (All submissions)
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Item ‘My boss, the app’: Algorithmic management and labour process in delivery platforms in Colombia(Southern Centre For Inequality Studies (SCIS), 2022-11-15) Sánchez Vargas, Derly Yohanna; Maldonado Castañeda, Oscar JavierWork and the activities and technologies that allow any work to be performed seem to be given issues in contemporary modern market-capitalist economies. However such issues are in motion within evolving patterns of governance and organisational arrangements. This paper analyses the impact of algorithms in the working conditions of platform workers in Colombia. We explore the extent to which digital tools and algorithmic management have been used to allocate, monitor and evaluate work in different sectors of the gig economy: couriers (food delivery), transportation (drivers) and domestic work. Drawing on Science and Technology Studies (STS), recent work on the sociology of algorithms, and Organisation Studies, this project analyses the digital devices that shape the labour process and the emerging practices of resistance or compliance that emerge from these interactions amongst workers. This paper builds on our previous work around decent work and working conditions of platform workers, focusing on the human-machine configurations that emerge from the material-semiotic connections between workers and algorithms. We approach the platform’s algorithms from the black-boxed narratives of managers and companies to the embodied accounts of the workers who deal with them. In this paper we explore algorithmic management and the relationships that emerge in the human-machine interaction mediated by app-centred work, focusing on digital delivery platforms. Delivery work offers an opportunity to address the material configurations that sustain the digital economy, the ecologies that emerge in the streets, the workers’ embodied experience and the digital infrastructure. This paper also explores the ways in which algorithms produce new configurations of inequality in the labour process.Item Intelligent Optimization Algorithms: A Stochastic Closed-Loop Supply Chain Network Problem Involving Oligopolistic Competition for Multiproducts and Their Product Flow Routings.(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2015-10-26) Zhou, Y.; Chan, C.K.; Wong, K.H.; Lee, Y.C.E.Recently, the first oligopolistic competition model of the closed-loop supply chain network involving uncertain demand and return has been established. This model belongs to the context of oligopolistic firms that compete noncooperatively in a Cournot-Nash framework. In this paper, we modify the above model in two different directions. (i) For each returned product from demand market to firm in the reverse logistics, we calculate the percentage of its optimal product flows in each individual path connecting the demand market to the firm. This modification provides the optimal product flow routings for each product in the supply chain and increases the optimal profit of each firm at the Cournot-Nash equilibrium. (ii) Our model extends the method of finding the Cournot-Nash equilibrium involving smooth objective functions to problems involving nondifferentiable objective functions. This modification caters for more real-life applications as a lot of supply chain problems involve nonsmooth functions. Existence of the Cournot-Nash equilibrium is established without the assumption of differentiability of the given functions. Intelligent algorithms, such as the particle swarm optimization algorithm and the genetic algorithm, are applied to find the Cournot-Nash equilibrium for such nonsmooth problems. Numerical examples are solved to illustrate the efficiency of these algorithms.