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Item Alcohol use and optimal chronic diseases’ treatment outcomes among adults aged 40 years and above in rural South Africa(Nature Research, 2025-03) Mupfuti, Rumbidzai; Kabudula, Chodziwadziwa. W.; Francis, Joel MsafiriChronic diseases are significant problems in South Africa. Chronic diseases’ treatment outcomes are critical to the reduction of morbidity and mortality. There is limited data in South Africa on alcohol use and treatment outcomes of chronic diseases in older people. Understanding the association between alcohol use and chronic diseases treatment outcomes would inform potential interventions to address the duo. We analysed data from wave 1 of the Health and Ageing in Africa-a longitudinal Study in an INDEPTH community (HAALSI) study. We performed descriptive analysis to determine the prevalence of optimal chronic diseases’ treatment outcomes (suppressed HIV viral load, normal blood pressure and normal blood sugar- euglycemia) and applied modified Poisson regression to determine the association between alcohol use and chronic diseases’ treatment outcomes. The prevalence of optimal treatment outcomes was 87.4% suppressed viral load for those living with HIV, 42.7% normal blood pressure for hypertensives, 53.6% with euglycemia among diabetics and 52.4% with normal outcome parameters among those with multimorbidity. Alcohol use did not negatively impact the optimal treatment outcomes for HIV (aRR = 1.00, 95%CI 0.93–1.09), hypertension (aRR = 0.88, 95%CI 0.68–1.14), diabetes mellitus (aRR = 0.73, 95%CI 0.44–1.22), and multimorbidity (aRR = 1.00, 95%CI 0.93–1.09). Alcohol use was not significantly associated with treatment outcomes possibly due to underreporting of alcohol use. There is need to incorporate objective alcohol measurements and alcohol interventions in chronic diseases care settings. Furthermore, there is urgent need to strengthen the management of hypertension and diabetes, by adopting the strategies deployed for HIV management.Item Does engagement in HIV care affect screening diagnosis and control of noncommunicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta analysis(Springer , 2024-02) Kileel, E.; Zheng, Amy; Bor, Jacob; Fox, Matthew; Crowther, Nigel; George, Jaya; Khoza, Siyabonga; Rosen, Sydney; Venter, Willem; Raal, Frederick; Hibberd, Patricia; Brennan, AlanaLow- and middle-income countries are facing a growing burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Providing HIV treatment may provide opportunities to increase access to NCD services in under-resourced environments. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate whether use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) was associated with increased screening, diagnosis, treatment, and control of diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, or cardiovascular disease among people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). A comprehensive search of electronic literature databases for studies published between 01 January 2011 and 31 December 2022 yielded 26 studies, describing 13,570 PLWH in SSA, 61% of whom were receiving ART. Random effects models were used to calculate summary odds ratios (ORs) of the risk of diagnosis by ART status and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), where appropriate. ART use was associated with a small but imprecise increase in the odds of diabetes diagnosis (OR 1.07; 95% CI 0.71, 1.60) and an increase in the odds of hypertension diagnosis (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.42, 3.09). We found minimal data on the association between ART use and screening, treatment, or control of NCDs. Despite a potentially higher NCD risk among PLWH and regional efforts to integrate NCD and HIV care, evidence to support effective care integration models is lacking.