3. Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) - All submissions
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Item Educating for peace in South Africa: the design, development and evaluation of a pre-school peace education programme(2011-06-13) Maxwell, Anne-MarieItem Evaluation of unilateral cleft lip repairs and the evolution of a new technique based on experience and research(2011-04-14) Christofides, Efthimios AndreasEvolution of cleft lip repair has been ongoing for many years. The reason for the various techniques stems from the advances relevant to function and aesthetics of the repair. Unfortunately, the literature does not reveal the long term results of many of these procedures with reference to normal lip anthropometrics. The reason for this is that the normal lip anthropometrics have not been adequately described. This study aims to describe a new technique for unilateral cleft lip repair and to substantiate its evolution by comparing it to the normal upper lips as well as to the most popular current technique of cleft lip repair (Millard technique). This will be done by the following steps: 1. Evaluate the most commonly used current technique of unilateral cleft lip repair (Millard rotation advancement), both objectively and subjectively. 2. Assess the normal anthropometric measurements of the horizontal lip dimensions. a. To assess normal horizontal lip dimensions according to different age categories to serve as reference values for further studies. b. To assess the timing where the lip is fully developed. vi c. To assess Cupid’s bow length in relation to horizontal lip length at different ages, thereby assessing dynamic changes with growth. 3. Compare the currently used technique of unilateral cleft lip repair to normal values indicating the anatomical drawbacks to the technique. 4. Describe a new technique for unilateral cleft lip repair which eliminates some of the unwanted drawbacks of the Millard technique. This new technique has the distinct advantage of maintaining better lip symmetry and not breaching anatomical landmarks of the lip. This technique is referred to as the straight line repair and is easy to teach and the results are reproducibleItem Evaluating respirable coal dust concentrations at the face of South African coal mines(2009-09-22T12:08:13Z) Ferreira, Ernest FrenchIntroduction The Department of Minerals and Energy (DME) in South Africa issued a Directive B7, titled “A Guideline for the Ventilating of Mechanical Miner Sections” to the coal mining industry. The main purpose of this directive was to reduce respirable dust exposures at the coal face with the long term objective of reducing the incidence of Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis (CWP). This study attempts to evaluate the appropriateness of the DME approach by comparing respirable coal dust results from personal samples from occupations at the coal face to the results obtained from engineering samples at the continuous miner. Objectives The objectives of this study are to: • Describe personal respirable coal dust concentrations of the occupations within the continuous miner Homogeneous Exposure Group (HEG) in five underground coal mines in Mpumalanga from January 2005 to December 2006. • Describe environmental engineering respirable coal dust concentrations of the continuous miner operator position in five underground coal mines in Mpumalanga from January 2005 to December 2006. • Compare personal respirable coal dust concentrations to Environmental Engineering Dust (EED) concentrations in five coal mines in Mpumalanga from January 2005 to December 2006. Methodology This study is descriptive in nature and was carried out utilizing historical respirable coal dust data from underground coal bord and pillar production sections. Data was supplied by Collieries Environmental Control Services (CECS) who provided a coal sampling and analysis service to South African collieries. Data provided was from five large underground coal mines in the Mpumalanga coal fields. The study population consisted of occupations within the HEG of workers deployed at the coal face who were linked to Continuous Miner (CM) production activities and results from EED sampling. Results When comparing the personal sampling results to EED sampling results for each individual mine, it is evident that all the mines had lower personal sampling results than EED results, thus establishing a definite trend. When combining all the mines in the two data sets it is also evident that EED sampling results are significantly higher than personal sampling results confirming the trend observed on individual mines. Correlation tests carried out between the two data sets indicated that there is no correlation between the personal and EED sampling results. The poor correlation between the two data sets indicates that the EED sampling position is not ideal and does not take account of the actual contaminant levels leaving the coal-winning heading. Discussion and conclusion The DME directive by way of a simple calculation took the countries personal Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL) of 2 mg/m3 and formulated a limit of 5 mg/m3 for EED sampling results. Simple extrapolation of the EED results indicates that personal exposure is exceeded more than two-fold and thus the limit of 5 mg/m3 as set by Directive B7 cannot be compared to the personal respirable coal dust OEL of 2 mg/m3. The basis of the initial calculation used to derive the 5 mg/m3 limit assumed that the shift lengths were in the region of 8 hours and cutting times around 40% of the shift, while most coal mines now have shift lengths ranging from 9 to 10 hours. In conclusion it is evident that the required limit of 5 mg/m3 as set out by Directive B7 cannot be related to the personal exposures limit of 2 mg/m3. Poor correlation results observed indicate that the EED sampling position does not account for the respirable dust concentrations leaving coal-winning headings and may be affected by the re-circulation of contaminated air over the sampling position. In addition the EED sampling position does not give an indication of the respirable dust capture efficiency of scrubber fans.Item Comparative evaluation of the development of labour-intensive works technology programme in Namibia(2008-11-04T10:36:26Z) Mvungi, Charles Nyero1. Background A number of development programmes have been carried out in Namibia since independence. It is seldom that evaluation is undertaken after completion to assess the degree of success of the programmes implemented in relation to their objectives and other effects. Often, similar programmes or projects are undertaken without the benefit of lessons and experiences from past programmes or projects. The aim of his study was to evaluate one such post-independence development programme implemented in Namibia namely the Labour-Based Works Technology Development Programme (LBWP). This programme was initiated in 1991, and was largely completed in 2000. 2. Problem Statement Creation of employment and poverty eradication are two of the four broad goals of the National Development Plan 1 and II (NDP I and NDP II) of the Government of Namibia (GON). The LBWP was implemented during the period of NDP1. Programme objectives were two fold; the creation of employment opportunities in the rural areas; and the development of road infrastructure in the underdeveloped inaccessible areas of the country. Prior to this programme, labour-based works technology was unknown in Namibia. There is no comprehensive study undertaken as yet to examine the level of success of the LBWP in Namibia in relation to its objectives, and in comparison with other successful programs elsewhere. This study was carried out for this purpose. 3. Literature Review An extensive literature review was undertaken to establish the existing intellectual basis and the theoretical framework of labour-based works technology. Research that has already been done was analysed and compared to crystallise this study.Item A review of campaign evaluation and its role in communication for development(2008-05-26T07:20:23Z) Kinghorn, Elizabeth FrancesABSTRACT This conceptual review is an introductory exploration of campaign evaluation's potential to support broader development processes. The review is not conclusive, but maps theoretical and empirical themes, highlights debates, identifies potentially constructive approaches, and notes areas for further investigation. It considers how a critical understanding of social systems, development paradigms and communication models may enhance campaign evaluation's transformative role. The review finds accountability to campaign funders often drives evaluation, rather than a commitment to those who most need to benefit from development. Amongst other factors, this limits evaluation's contribution to social change. The author concludes that 'constructive' evaluation differs from one context to another - each campaign requires a unique approach to optimise and sustain development outcomes. However, there remains considerable scope to develop campaign evaluation theory and practice for public value. This will require extensive dialogue; critical reflection; multidisciplinary, cross-sectoral and interorganisational collaboration; and greater commitment to sustainable development.Item Evaluation of the Soul City adult education training programme in HIV/AIDS(2007-03-15T12:24:31Z) Naicker, NishaEXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction Soul City is a non-governmental organisation that runs a HIV/AIDS Adult Education Training Programme. The training involves fourteen partner organisations. The training programme uses the Soul City HIV/AIDS materials to train master trainers, who then train others (community trainees) to use the materials (A cascade model of training). Objectives of the study The study evaluated whether the training programme has met its objectives, the effectiveness of the training cascade model and the impact of the training. Methodology Study design: The study was divided into 2 sub – studies. The respondents were randomly and proportionately selected per province. Questionnaires were developed and the participants were interviewed telephonically or face to face. Study Period: July- August 2004. Study population: 1. Partner organisations managers and master trainers. Sample size of 30. 2. Community trainees. Sample size of 265. Results Master trainers: Impact of the training on the organisations and individuals was positive, since it strengthened the organisations and improved knowledge and attitudes of participants.A few, mainly administrative problems were experienced by the partner organisations, however these problems were subsequently dealt with. Community Trainees: A large number of community trainees are being trained and they are training others in the community. The majority of the training took place in urban areas. Reaching rural areas was a challenge. 83% of participants had a very good knowledge and understanding of HIV/AIDS related issues. Participants scored highly on assessment of their behaviour as well. The majority of trainees had positive views of the training. Conclusion The study showed that the training programme had met its objectives and the cascade training model used was effective. Thus the training process was effective in training individuals and contributing to positive changes in the partner organisations and on an individual level.Item Evaluation of a bereavement training programme for volunteers at a Community Centre(2006-11-16T11:50:57Z) Russell, Erica LeeThe present study investigates a bereavement training programme with a group of volunteer lay counsellors. In South Africa, the number of orphans resulting from an increase in parental deaths from natural causes, such as AIDS and nonnatural causes, for example violence, is increasing rapidly. The increasing number of bereaved children is creating a demand for professional support services that cannot be met by the present number of trained professionals. To address this imbalance, the training of lay counsellors is proposed. It is thus relevant to train those who are willing to help with the necessary knowledge and skills in a bereavement training programme. The present study involves ten volunteers from a Community Centre. Qualitative research methods are employed to analyse the data that is gained from the preand post-training responses to the interviews and Case Examples. Content analysis is used to elucidate the themes that emerge from the collected data. The results of the present study indicate that perceptual and developmental changes have occurred within the volunteers following the training programme, however, it is evident that further training is necessary because of the limited ability that the volunteers demonstrate in practically transferring the knowledge to new cases. In terms of this finding it is clear that factors such as language, age, educational level and personal experiences of death are important criteria to consider in the selection of volunteers for a bereavement training programme. Furthermore, traditional African perspectives of death, cultural differences and HIV/AIDS awareness need to be incorporated into future bereavement training programmes. In terms of the outcomes of the study, a positive outcome is the revision of the Bereavement Programme for children, taking cognisance of cultural sensitiveness, to make it more applicable within the local context. The results of the study also highlight the limitations and implications of the present research, which are discussed and recommendations for future research are made.Item Assumptions, complexities and contradictions:(2006-10-26T09:27:20Z) Olofsson, Justine Judith FeliciaThis research report involves an evaluation of a street children art programme delivered by Imbali Visual Literacy Project a non-governmental organisation based in Johannesburg, South Africa. Little attention has been given to evaluating art programmes aimed at ‘marginalised youth’. This marks a gap in current theorising in the area. The programme is presented in terms of the “progressive” and “liberal democratic” ethos that is identified as informing Imbali’s approach. This approach is critiqued by drawing on Grant Kester’s ideas of ‘dialogical aesthetics’. A new participatory and collaborative model for initiating art programmes aimed at marginalised youth is proposed. This model draws on Kester’s ideas as well as the value Imbali places on art-making processes. It is advocated that participants on such programmes should be encouraged to play an active role in taking responsibility for their own development through both art-making and dialogue. If programmes are conceived of in this way it is claimed that there is more of a chance they can effect sustainable change and development.Item Evaluation of UML tools using an end-to-end application(2006-03-29) Thomas, Shibi MaryAny software project goes through the different stages of a Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). Like any other commercial product, software has a design stage but this stage is unique and critical to software due to its soft nature. A system that is given careful thought at the design phase results in a correct and complete system and adheres to software design principle. The “Unified Modelling Language” (UML) is a standard modelling language for object-oriented systems. Many tools are currently available to support the design and implementation of software. Generating skeletal code from a design brings down the implementation time considerably. This research report presents a list of criteria against which one can compare different UML tools, and puts forward a rating system where decisions can be made on them. It presents a comparison between four UML tools: ArgoUML, Rational Rose, Together Control Centre, and MasterCraft. An end-to-end application was developed on each of these tools as part of the evaluation process. During the design phase a detailed design was done using the ICONIX process. The different features of an ideal UML tool is analysed and used to evaluate the four selected tools. Of the four tools, Rational Rose, Together Control Centre, MasterCraft are offthe-shelf modelling softwares whereas ArgoUML is an open source modelling software. From the evaluation it is observed that Together Control Centre attains a high score with Rational Rose following just behind. MasterCraft comes third. Argo UML has the least score but it has the advantage of being an open source software.