3. Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) - All submissions
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Item Exploring logics of state in urban cultural policy development process in South Africa: the case of the eThekwini Municipality(2019) Maralack, MatthieuThe study of urban cultural policy development is a relatively new field of enquiry, particularly in the Global South. The goal of this study is to understand urban cultural policy development and state practice through unpacking a South African case study of a local municipality undertaking such a process between the period 2012 to 2016. Notably, this particular case of cultural policy development did not result in a policy being approved by council, nor in administrative operations. The specific question asked therefore is: “How is cultural policy development contested between different arms of the local state, in the case of eThekwini?”. Namely: between the eThekwini City Architects Department and the Parks, Recreation and Culture Department. This is answered by giving a historical account of how the process came about by extensively drawing on one specific moment prior to the policy development timeline. It is the case of the Warwick elephant sculpture by world-renowned artist Andries Botha, which highlights the ANC and IFP political tensions which were not successfully negotiated, alongside several other contextual challenges. The literature that informs the conceptual framework is that of the theoretical challenge with the terms culture and cultural policy, where creativity and culture intersect with the urban state, and the concept of championship with the South African urban state context. Methodologically, semi-structured interviews were utilised as part of the qualitative data collection and case study approach. This was triangulated through the use of a document analysis. The research report directly addresses how ANC-IFP tensions impacted urban governance and cultural policy development in eThekwini and concludes with the type of championship needed for successful cultural policy development in this context for the benefit of future cultural policy development processes in the Global South.Item The impact of the 2003 national cultural policy on the performing arts industry in Zambia with specific reference to working conditions(2008-03-20T07:30:33Z) Lamba, Prince F. M.ABSTRACT The purpose of the project research was to investigate the impact of the Zambian 2003 national cultural policy on the performing arts industry with specific reference to working conditions both in the public and private domains in Zambia. It is also an effort to assess the efficacy of the cultural policy within a broader policy environment. Generally, two categories of performing artists namely the publicly and privately sponsored exist in Zambia. Two sample groups representing the two categories of performing artists were consulted in the study. The publicly sponsored sample was drawn from the uniformed services and the national dance troupe while the privately sponsored performers were represented by a selection of performers who do not work in the civil service. The methodology included field and desk research in which social-scientific and humanistic methods involving structured and semi-structured interviews were used, coupled with the use of textual materials from employment and performance contracts, civil service terms of employment, the National Arts Council Act, national arts associations’ constitutions, cultural and labour policies among others. The results revealed mixed reactions from all the respondents with regard to the research question; however it became apparent that the policy had not positively impacted on the industry as the negative responses outweighed the positive feedback. Despite the policy theoretically addressing a number of issues in the arts industry, it was very difficult to practically implement the strategies therein successfully. A number of reasons can be advanced for the inefficiency such as lack of matching sectoral legislation to enforce the policy and the absence of a union to complement government’s efforts. It was further discovered that to some extent, the formulation of the policy was rushed and did not very well fit into the traditional perspectives of the people about the arts industry. This reinforces the question of whether is it necessary for all nations to have cultural policies when supporting institutional and legal frameworks are not in place. The Zambian case reveals the pitfalls in legislating culture. 1