3. Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) - All submissions
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Item The prevalence of burnout amongst registrars at the School of clinical medicine at the university of the witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South africa(2018) Zeijlemaker, CathelijnBackground: Burnout is a response to prolonged stress and consists of three elements: Emotional Exhaustion (EE); Depersonalisation (DP); and Personal Accomplishment (PA). Existence of burnout under doctors is often not acknowledged but has major consequences for personal and professional life. Only limited research done regarding prevalence of burnout amongst registrars in South Africa. Objectives: To describe the prevalence of burnout, and asses for relationships between burnout and socio-demographic factors. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive, internet survey was conducted. Respondents were registrars within the departments of the School of Clinical Medicine at the University of the Witwatersrand. To measure burnout the Mashlach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used. Relationships were assessed by independent samples t-test and ANOVA. Results: Of the 585 successfully delivered questionnaires, 201 registrars started the survey (response rate of 34%). 170 questionnaires were analysed. The mean age of the respondents was 33 years, the male to female ratio was 1:1.8. The average score for EE was 3,5 (SD1.2), for DP 2.7 (SD1.1) and for PA 4.1 (SD1.1). The overall level of burnout was 84%. None of the respondents scored low over all categories. No significant association between socio-demographics and MBI dimensions was found. Conclusion: The prevalence levels found in this study was higher than found in national and international literature. Extremely high levels of DP were found. This is worrisome as DP affects professionalism and engagement of doctors. In keeping with international literature no associations were found with socio-demographic factors and burnout, suggesting the cause of burnout should truly be sought out in the work environment. Efforts to improve autonomy in the workspace, development opportunities and promoting peer collaboration, are needed to prevent of burnout.Item Job demands, job resources, safety behaviours, and burnout in air traffic management(2017) Kalaitzis, Eleni AnnaThe aim of the present study was to utilise a mixed methods design as a means of investigating the relation between job demands, job resources, safety, and burnout in Air Traffic Management (ATM) technicians. It was also of interest to determine participants’ perspectives on the job demands and resources that may be present in their occupational environment, their participation in safety behaviours, and their perceptions regarding their work and safety performance. Non-probability, convenience sampling was employed to acquire the participants of the present research study. Participants included 33 ATM technicians (50.77% response rate) who took part in the quantitative component of the research study and 14 ATM who took part in the interview process. Participants’ ages ranged from 27 to 55 years (M = 38.91; SD = 8.76) and 90.1% were male (n = 30). Jackson and Rothmann’s (2005) original Job Demands-Resources Scale was used for the assessment of the job demands and resources sixteen items were also added to the original JDRS scale. Sixteen items were added to incorporate the possible job resources and demands experienced by ATM technicians, which were separated into the following sub-scales: shifts, weather conditions, travel, and equipment. Schaufeli, Leiter, Maslach, and Jackson’s (1996) Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBIGS) was used to assess ATM technicians’ burnout. Safety behaviours were assessed through the integration of items found within two safety behaviour scales developed by Neal and Griffin (2006) and Hofmann and Morgeson (1999). A semi-structured interview process consisting of open-ended questions was used to discuss the following issues: job tasks, job demands, job resources, burnout, job safety, work-family spillover, and job performance. The findings depicted a weak, positive correlation between the perception of job demands and the experience of burnout (r = .376, p < .05) and a weak, negative correlation between the perception of job resources and the experience of burnout (r = -.383, p < .05). Job resources significantly predicted the experience of burnout (β = -.494, p = .002), as did job demands (β = .489, p = .003). A moderate, positive correlation between the perception of job resources and safety behaviours was obtained (r = .514, p < .01). The participants’ perceptions of job resources explained 26.5% of the variance in safety behaviours, (R2= .265, F(1, 31) = 11.16, p < 0.05. ATM technicians took part in the following safety behaviours: they consistently communicated with both management and air traffic controllers as a way of knowing exactly what the problem is before they went to a site, they took part in training programs as a means of keeping up to date with the latest technological knowledge, attended safety meetings, always communicated with management on how to increase safety, and made sure that a first aid kit was always available. ATM technician’s safety and performance appeared to be heavily influenced by their own personal understanding of the occupation’s risks, the weather conditions that take place on each specific site, the safety equipment that is worn, the knowledge of the possible repercussions that may arise from making any mistakes, and their own individual mood or disposition.Item Discriminant validation of the three dimensions of burnout(1990) Else, James RodneyThe prevailing understanding of burnout is firmly entrenched in, and has been fundamentally influenced by, the three component definition of the burnout concept proposed by Maslach and Jackson (1981), as evidenced in its almost exclusive application in the burnout research and theoretical developments (Maslach & Jackson, 1986; Shirorn, 1989). Although the construct validity of the three factor burnout structure is well established, no research could be found which has investigated the discriminant validny of this construct. Thus the aim of tha present study was to determine how emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, and low feelings of personal accomplishment may relate differentially to conceptually related variables. [Abbreviated Abstract. Open document to view full version]Item Burnout in sport : A comparative analysis between South African gymnasts tennis players(2016) Abrahamson, Earle DerekResearch on burnout has typically focused on individuals in the human service or helping occupations, More recently studies and conceptual models have appeared investigating burnout in the athletic environment, The bulk of research 011 athletic burnout has been conducted on coaches and, consequently, there is a dearth of empirical research on athlete burnout. 'the present study compared tennis players with gymnasts to determine which group is more likely to experience a higher incidence of burnout. The study also sought to investigate whether any relationship was evident between sport specific factors on the one hand, and burnout, tedium and psychological distress on the other. Three objective questionnaires consisting of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MDI). Tedium measure and General Health Questionnaire 28 item scale (GHQ-28), as well as a sport specific questionnaire developed by the author, were used to collect data from 20 provincial and national tennis players (10 male and 10 female) and 20 provincial and elite gymnasts (10 male and 10 female). Statistical analysis of the questionnaires revealed a number of important findings. It was found that sport group was not a significant factor in the assessment of athlete burnout. Gender, however, was highly significant with females more likely to experience burnout than males. It was shown that females experience low levels of sport enjoyment, social support and personal accomplishment and high levels of sport pressure, emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, tedium and psychological distress. Key relationships were further identified between the sport specific variables of sport enjoyment, social support and sport pressure, and the burnout, tedium and psychological distress variables. Negative sport performance such as low enjoyment and social support and heightened feelings of sport pressure were strongly related to high levels of burnout, tedium and psychological distress. Recommendations for future research are made on the basis of these findings.