3. Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) - All submissions
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Item The attitudes and opinions of intensive care nurses on the use of physical restraints(2018) Maleho, Mabona EdnahBackground: Despite the uncertainty over the ability of physical restraints to maintain patient safety, as well as the potential for undesirable psychological and physical patient outcomes and ethical concerns, physical restraints use is still common in many ICUs in different countries. Physical restraints are prescribed by the physician but the ICU nurse remains the decision maker responsible in assessing the need, application and removal of physical restraints on patients in the ICU setting. Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study was to describe nurses’ attitudes and opinions on the use of physical restraints in adult ICUs of a tertiary academic hospital in Johannesburg, with the intention to suggest and create awareness to nurse educators on what needs to be included in the curriculum on topic of physical restraints. This may also provide guidance to policy makers on the best practice that need to be considered when implementing a policy in the clinical setting. Method: A descriptive, non-experimental, quantitative survey design was used. Data was collected using an eighteen (18) item questionnaire developed by Freeman, Hallett and McHugh (2015) titled “Attitudes and opinions of ICU nurses on the use of physical restraints’’. The questionnaire was divided into four sections. Convenience sampling was used and a sample size of 113 was used. Descriptive and comparative statistics were used for data analysis. The statistical test used includes Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test and testing was set at 5% level of significance Results: Most nurses indicated that there is a need for physical restraints use in the ICU setting in order to provide an environment that is safe for the patient. Physical restraints as a management option were preferred over sedation. There was no consensus about the maximum time that an individual patient can be restraint, agitated behaviors such as pulling of endotracheal tubes and medical devices has been noted as the most reason for exceeding the maximum time that an individual patient can be restraint. Nurses were happy to discuss the use of physical restraints with relatives. There was a perceived need for training on use of physical restraints, availing a written policy on physical restraints and support from the medical staff. There was association between ICU nurses’ years of experience, report on availability of written policy on the use of physical restraints, reports on having training on the application of physical restraints and their attitudes and opinions on the use of physical restraints in some statements regarding such. Conclusion: Nurses need support and guidance from other health care workers in cases of using physical restraints. There is need for availability of physical restraints policy to aid nurses’ clinical decision making. Relevance to clinical Practice: There have to be alternative methods and thorough patient assessment of managing agitated patients before implementation of physical restraints, these methods can be pain management and allowing relatives to be at the patient bed side. Key words: Physical restraints, Attitudes, Opinions, Intensive Care, Nurses, Clinical decision makingItem Nurses perceptions regarding the use of technological equipment in the intensive care unit setting of a public sector hospital in Johannesburg(2015-04-08) Kanjakaya, Phyllis KhunthoAn Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is an extreme technological environment where different t)?es of equipment and devices, intended for the care of critically ill patients, are found. The use of technological equipment has assisted in reduction of morbidity, mortality, and length of hospital stay because the problems are diagnosed earlier. The purpose of the study was to explore the perceptions of nu$es who work in the Intensive Care Units about the effects of the use of technological equipment, with the intention of making recommendations for clinical practice, education of nurses and further research. A quantitative, descriptive, prospective, and non-experimental study design was utilised in this study, as well as a non-probability sampling method. Participants (n:60) were drawn from neurosurgical, cardiothoracic and main ICUs. Data collection was done by use of questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse data.Item Motivation, work values, organisational commitment and job satisfaction : age and generational cohort effects.(2014-03-03) Nkomo, EmmanuelSince the year 2000, younger workers born after 1980 have been entering the South African workforce in large numbers. The experienced Baby Boomer generation, born between 1945 and 1964 has started leaving the workplace in retirement. With organisations currently facing the challenge of skills shortages in some professions/trades, it is important for organisations to recognise the potential influence of work values on attitudes and behaviours at work in order to retain staff and groom future leaders. Different Generations are assumed to bring their own norms and values into the work place and an understanding of what motivates these different generations will ensure that organisations better plan retention strategies. As South Africa receives the latest generation of workers (Generation Y) into the work force, managers need to be encouraged to deal with the potential generational differences among workers. The purpose of this quantitative study was to research and examine the relationship between age, sources of motivation, work values, organisational commitment and job satisfaction across generations in the South African work force. A research model was developed to test theory on generational differences. Cohort membership was hypothesised to influence motivation, work values, organisational commitment and job satisfaction. Work values and sources of motivation were also hypothesised to influence organisational commitment and job satisfaction. A quantitative study was conducted to investigate the association between age (which represented cohort membership) and sources of motivation, work values, organisational commitment and job satisfaction. The study was designed to answer the main question: Are there significant differences in sources of motivation, work values, organisational commitment and job satisfaction across the three generations found in the South African workforce today? Data were collected using both an on line and hard copy questionnaire distributed to corporate companies that participate in career exhibitions at the University of the Witwatersrand. Data were analysed using SPSS software version 19 and 20.The findings largely confirm previous findings which suggest that there are significant differences between generations in sources of motivation, work values, organisational commitment and job satisfaction. Consistent with research, older workers, Baby Boomers were found to have higher job satisfaction than younger workers. An interesting finding of this study was that contrary to research literature, younger workers, generation Y, were found to have higher organisational commitment than Baby Boomers and generation X. Consistent with previous studies, Baby Boomers were found to have higher levels intrinsic work values than both generation X and Y. The results indicate that there are differences between generations and this has implications for Human Resource practitioners and researchers. Based on the findings of this research, further research is warranted specifically in understanding organisational commitment across generations.Item The knowledge, attitudes,practices and prevalence of alcohol and cannabis use amongst South African diamond miners(2006-11-17T08:16:46Z) Onwukwe, Victor NnannaThe causative association between alcohol, cannabis use and accidents in the workplace have been shown in some studies. The adverse effects of these on employee’s health, work performance, public and industrial safety have also been researched internationally. But there still remains a paucity of information on the knowledge, attitudes, practices and prevalence of alcohol and cannabis use on diamond mines in South Africa even though anecdotal evidence suggests widespread use that is on the rise. As a result of this, effective intervention strategies to stem the rise have not been developed. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, practices and prevalence of alcohol and cannabis use amongst South African diamond miners. It was a cross-sectional analytical study which ascertained the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the miners in relation to alcohol and cannabis use through face to face structured interviews. The prevalence of alcohol was ascertained through breathalyser testing and that of cannabis through urine tests. The study site was a large diamond mine located in the northern part of South Africa. Individual written informed consent was obtained from each of the participants before questionnaire interviews, breathalyser and urine tests were carried out. All the interviews and tests were anonymous and unlinked. None of the test methods were invasive. The questionnaire was tested in a pilot survey. This research was commissioned by the Safety in Mines Research and Advisory Committee (SIMRAC). vii The reported prevalence for alcohol was 44% whilst the tested prevalence was 1.4%.For cannabis, the reported prevalence was 2.0% whilst the tested prevalence was 2.8%.The significant factors associated with alcohol use were higher educational qualification and type of work. Full time employees were more likely to have ever used alcohol. Reported users of alcohol and cannabis started before starting work on the mines. An overwhelming majority of the participants reported that alcohol and cannabis use could lead to accidents on the mines. A large majority reported that intervention strategies such as education, regular testing of employees and entertainment will decrease the use of alcohol and cannabis. Possible explanations for the patterns observed in the use of these substances have been given and suggestions on how to influence the use of these substances have been made.